# Robert I of Scotland

> King of Scotland (1306–1329)

**Wikidata**: [Q187312](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187312)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/robert-i-of-scotland

## Summary
Robert I of Scotland, commonly known as Robert the Bruce, was the King of Scotland from 1306 to 1329. He is best known for leading Scotland during the Wars of Scottish Independence against England, securing Scotland's sovereignty and becoming one of the most celebrated figures in Scottish history.

## Biography
- **Born**: July 11, 1274
- **Nationality**: Scottish
- **Known for**: Leading Scotland to victory in the Wars of Scottish Independence and securing the Declaration of Arbroath
- **Field(s)**: Monarchy, Military Leadership

## Contributions
Robert I of Scotland is renowned for his military leadership during the Wars of Scottish Independence. His most significant contribution was his victory at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, which secured Scotland's independence from England. He also played a crucial role in the Declaration of Arbroath in 1320, which asserted Scotland's sovereignty and independence. Additionally, Robert I established the Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland, which became a symbol of Scottish identity and monarchy.

## FAQs
**What was Robert I of Scotland's role in the Wars of Scottish Independence?**
Robert I of Scotland, also known as Robert the Bruce, was a key leader in the Wars of Scottish Independence. He led Scottish forces to victory against England, most notably at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, which secured Scotland's independence.

**What is the Declaration of Arbroath?**
The Declaration of Arbroath, signed in 1320, was a letter sent to Pope John XXII by Scottish nobles and clergy. It asserted Scotland's independence and sovereignty, and Robert I of Scotland played a crucial role in its creation and signing.

**What is the significance of the Battle of Bannockburn?**
The Battle of Bannockburn, fought in 1314, was a decisive victory for Scotland led by Robert I of Scotland. It secured Scotland's independence from England and is considered one of the most significant battles in Scottish history.

**What are the Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland?**
The Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland are a heraldic symbol representing the monarchy of Scotland. Robert I of Scotland established these arms, which became a symbol of Scottish identity and sovereignty.

**What was Robert I of Scotland's full name?**
Robert I of Scotland is commonly known as Robert the Bruce. His full name was Robert Bruce, and he was also referred to as Robert I and Robert Bruce.

## Why They Matter
Robert I of Scotland is a pivotal figure in Scottish history due to his leadership during the Wars of Scottish Independence. His victory at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 secured Scotland's independence from England, shaping the nation's future. The Declaration of Arbroath, which he helped establish, asserted Scotland's sovereignty and became a foundational document in Scottish history. His establishment of the Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland further solidified Scottish identity and monarchy. Without Robert I's leadership, Scotland's path to independence and national identity would have been significantly different.

## Notable For
- Leading Scotland to victory in the Wars of Scottish Independence
- Securing the Declaration of Arbroath in 1320
- Winning the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314
- Establishing the Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland
- Being one of the most celebrated figures in Scottish history

## Body
### Early Life
Robert I of Scotland, commonly known as Robert the Bruce, was born on July 11, 1274. He was a member of the noble Bruce family and grew up during a time of political turmoil in Scotland.

### Military Leadership
Robert I is best known for his military leadership during the Wars of Scottish Independence. He led Scottish forces to several key victories against England, including the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. This battle is considered one of the most significant in Scottish history, as it secured Scotland's independence from England.

### Declaration of Arbroath
In 1320, Robert I played a crucial role in the creation and signing of the Declaration of Arbroath. This document was a letter sent to Pope John XXII by Scottish nobles and clergy, asserting Scotland's sovereignty and independence. The Declaration of Arbroath is a foundational document in Scottish history and is often cited as an early example of a declaration of independence.

### Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland
Robert I established the Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland, which became a symbol of Scottish identity and monarchy. These arms are a heraldic symbol representing the monarchy of Scotland and are still used today in various forms.

### Legacy
Robert I of Scotland's leadership and contributions have had a lasting impact on Scottish history. His victory at the Battle of Bannockburn secured Scotland's independence, and his role in the Declaration of Arbroath asserted Scotland's sovereignty. His establishment of the Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland further solidified Scottish identity and monarchy. Robert I is remembered as one of the most celebrated figures in Scottish history, and his legacy continues to inspire national pride and identity.

## References

1. Czech National Authority Database
2. Source
3. The Peerage
4. International Standard Name Identifier
5. BnF authorities
6. [International Journal of Paleopathology](https://news.westernu.ca/2017/02/rumour-rest-western-researcher-clears-kings-reputation/)
7. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
8. Virtual International Authority File
9. [Source](http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/scottishhistory/independence/features_independence_bruce.shtml)
10. BBC Things
11. LIBRIS. 2012