# RETRACTED ARTICLE: Efficient VLSI routing algorithm employing novel discrete PSO and multi-stage transformation

> Research article (Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 2020) · cited 25× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W3098776158](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W3098776158)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/retracted-article-efficient-vlsi-routing-algorithm-employing-novel-discrete-pso-and-multi-stage-transformation