# Red Cloud

> chief of Oglala Lakota

**Wikidata**: [Q312721](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312721)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Cloud)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/red-cloud

## Summary
Red Cloud (Maḣpíya Lùta) was a prominent chief of the Oglala Lakota, a Native American tribe, and a key leader during Red Cloud's War (1866–1868), a conflict between the U.S. government and the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Northern Arapaho. He is recognized for his resistance against U.S. expansion into Native American territories and his later role as a politician advocating for his people.

## Biography
- **Born**: 1822 (exact place unknown)
- **Nationality**: United States (Lakota Sioux)
- **Known for**: Leading the Oglala Lakota during Red Cloud's War and negotiating with the U.S. government
- **Occupation**: Chief, politician
- **Field(s)**: Indigenous leadership, military resistance, diplomacy

## Contributions
- **Red Cloud's War (1866–1868)**: Led a coalition of Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Northern Arapaho against U.S. military forces, resulting in the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868), which temporarily secured Native American control over parts of the Powder River Country.
- **Diplomatic Negotiations**: Played a crucial role in negotiations with the U.S. government, advocating for the rights and territories of the Lakota people.
- **Postage Stamp Recognition**: Honored with a U.S. postage stamp, acknowledging his significance in American history.

## FAQs
**Who was Red Cloud?**
Red Cloud was a chief of the Oglala Lakota, a Native American tribe, and a central figure in the resistance against U.S. expansion into Indigenous territories during the 19th century.

**What was Red Cloud's War?**
Red Cloud's War (1866–1868) was a conflict between the U.S. government and a coalition of Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Northern Arapaho tribes, led by Red Cloud. The war ended with the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868), which granted temporary control of the Powder River Country to Native American tribes.

**What was Red Cloud's role in U.S. history?**
Red Cloud was a key Indigenous leader who resisted U.S. encroachment on Native American lands and later engaged in diplomatic efforts to protect his people's rights and territories.

**How is Red Cloud remembered today?**
Red Cloud is remembered as a significant figure in Native American history, honored with a U.S. postage stamp and recognized for his leadership during a critical period of conflict and negotiation with the U.S. government.

## Why They Matter
Red Cloud's leadership during Red Cloud's War and his subsequent diplomatic efforts were pivotal in the history of Native American resistance and negotiation with the U.S. government. His actions temporarily halted U.S. expansion into Lakota territories and set a precedent for Indigenous advocacy. His legacy continues to influence discussions on Indigenous rights and sovereignty in the United States.

## Notable For
- Leading the Oglala Lakota during Red Cloud's War (1866–1868).
- Negotiating the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868), which secured temporary control of Powder River Country for Native American tribes.
- Being honored with a U.S. postage stamp.
- Serving as a politician and advocate for the Lakota people.

## Body
### Early Life
Red Cloud was born in 1822, though the exact location is unknown. He became a prominent leader among the Oglala Lakota, a subgroup of the Sioux people.

### Leadership and Red Cloud's War
Red Cloud emerged as a key figure in the resistance against U.S. expansion into Native American territories. From 1866 to 1868, he led a coalition of Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Northern Arapaho in a conflict known as Red Cloud's War. The war was a response to the U.S. government's attempts to build forts and roads through Lakota lands, particularly in the Powder River Country.

The conflict culminated in the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868), which was a significant victory for Red Cloud and his allies. The treaty temporarily secured Native American control over parts of the Powder River Country and required the U.S. to abandon its forts in the region.

### Diplomatic Efforts
After the war, Red Cloud transitioned into a role as a diplomat and politician. He engaged in negotiations with the U.S. government to protect the rights and territories of the Lakota people. His efforts were crucial in advocating for Indigenous sovereignty and resisting further encroachment on Native American lands.

### Legacy and Recognition
Red Cloud's leadership and diplomatic skills earned him recognition both within and outside the Native American community. He was honored with a U.S. postage stamp, which acknowledged his significance in American history. His legacy continues to be celebrated as a symbol of Indigenous resistance and advocacy.

### Later Life and Death
Red Cloud lived until December 10, 1909, or 1910 (sources vary). His life spanned a critical period in U.S. history, marked by conflict, negotiation, and the struggle for Indigenous rights. His contributions remain an important part of the narrative of Native American history in the United States.

## References

1. [Source](http://www.biography.com/people/red-cloud-9453402)
2. [Source](http://rapidcityjournal.com/obituaries-for-july/article_21294c18-4670-59ec-b394-898f34698bcf.html)
3. Virtual International Authority File
4. LIBRIS. 2004
5. [Source](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/grant-redcloud/)
6. International Standard Name Identifier
7. BnF authorities
8. Integrated Authority File
9. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
10. Nationalencyklopedin
11. Encyclopædia Universalis
12. National Archives Identifier
13. [Find a Grave](https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6878358/red_cloud#view-photo=32465583)
14. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
15. CERL Thesaurus
16. Quora