# Recognition of the developing vortex rope in Francis turbine draft tube based on PSO-CS2

> Research article (Renewable Energy, 2023) · cited 10× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4385612229](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4385612229)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/recognition-of-the-developing-vortex-rope-in-francis-turbine-draft-tube-based-on-pso-cs2