# Raymond Poincaré

> French statesman and lawyer, President of France (1860-1934)

**Wikidata**: [Q191974](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191974)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Poincaré)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/raymond-poincare

## Summary

Raymond Poincaré was a French statesman, lawyer, and journalist who served as President of France from 1913 to 1920. Born on August 20, 1860, and died on October 15, 1934, he was a prominent political figure in the Third Republic who led France through the First World War. He was also known for his legal career and served as Prime Minister of France multiple times before and after his presidency.

## Biography

- **Born**: August 20, 1860
- **Died**: October 15, 1934
- **Nationality**: France
- **Full Name**: Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré
- **Education**: Paris Law Faculty (France), University of Glasgow (Scotland, founded 1451)
- **Known for**: Serving as President of France during World War I; leading France through the war years; multiple terms as Prime Minister
- **Employer**: Q192775 (entity not specified in source material)
- **Field(s)**: Politics, Law, Journalism

### Professional Affiliations

- **Member of**: Q161806, Q463303, Q901677 (entities not specified in source material)
- **Related Institutions**: Raymond Poincaré University Hospital (hospital in Garches, France, established 1936)

### Occupations

- Politician
- Lawyer
- Journalist

## Contributions

Raymond Poincaré made significant contributions to French politics and governance during a critical period in French history. His political career spanned multiple decades and included several key leadership positions:

1. **President of France (1913-1920)**: Led France through the First World War, overseeing the nation's mobilization and wartime efforts
2. **Prime Minister of France**: Served multiple terms, providing political stability during turbulent periods
3. **Legal Career**: Practiced law as a lawyer, having graduated from the Paris Law Faculty
4. **International Diplomacy**: Represented France in international affairs, receiving numerous foreign honors and decorations

## FAQs

**What was Raymond Poincaré's most significant political role?**

Raymond Poincaré served as President of France from 1913 to 1920, a period that included the entirety of World War I. His leadership during this critical time was instrumental in guiding France through the war.

**Where did Raymond Poincaré receive his education?**

He was educated at the Paris Law Faculty in France and the University of Glasgow in Scotland, one of the oldest universities in the English-speaking world, founded in 1451.

**What other professions did Raymond Poincaré pursue besides politics?**

Beyond his political career, Poincaré was a trained lawyer, having studied law at the Paris Law Faculty. He also worked as a journalist during his career.

**What honors and decorations did Raymond Poincaré receive?**

He received numerous international honors including the Order of St. Andrew (Russia), Order of the Star of Anjouan, Order of the Most Holy Annunciation (Savoy/Italy), Order of the Royal House of Chakri (Thailand), Order of the White Eagle (Poland), Cross of Valour (Poland), Royal Order of the Seraphim (Sweden), and Knight of the Order of the Elephant (Denmark).

**Is there an institution named after Raymond Poincaré?**

Yes, the Raymond Poincaré University Hospital in Garches, France, was established in 1936 and is named in his honor.

## Why They Matter

Raymond Poincaré matters in French and European history primarily because of his leadership during World War I. As President during the war years, he represented French determination and resolve during one of the nation's darkest periods. His presidency oversaw the complete mobilization of French resources and manpower toward the war effort, and he played a crucial role in maintaining national cohesion during the conflict.

Beyond his wartime leadership, Poincaré represented the ideal of the Republican statesman in the Third Republic—a trained lawyer who rose through the ranks of French politics to reach the highest office. His multiple terms as Prime Minister demonstrated his political versatility and ability to navigate the complex parliamentary system of the French Third Republic.

The naming of the Raymond Poincaré University Hospital after him reflects his lasting legacy in French public life, serving as a memorial to a figure who shaped France's modern history during a transformative period.

## Notable For

- President of France (1913-1920) during World War I
- Multiple terms as Prime Minister of France
- Trained lawyer and journalist
- Recipient of eight international orders and decorations
- Namesake of Raymond Poincaré University Hospital in Garches (established 1936)
- Graduate of Paris Law Faculty and University of Glasgow

## Body

### Early Life and Education

Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré was born on August 20, 1860, in France. He received his legal education at the prestigious Paris Law Faculty, which was part of the former University of Paris. Additionally, he pursued studies at the University of Glasgow in Scotland, one of the United Kingdom's oldest and most renowned universities, founded in 1451. This dual educational background in French and British institutions provided him with a broad intellectual foundation that would serve his political career well.

### Political Career

Poincaré's political career was characterized by his rise through the ranks of French politics during the Third Republic. He became known as a skilled politician and statesman who could navigate the complex political landscape of French parliamentary democracy. His career path led him to the highest office in France—the presidency.

As President of France from 1913 to 1920, Poincaré led the nation through the First World War, one of the most devastating conflicts in French history. His leadership during this period was crucial in maintaining national unity and directing the war effort. The responsibilities of the presidency during wartime were immense, requiring both diplomatic skill and firm resolve.

Poincaré also served multiple terms as Prime Minister of France, both before and after his presidency. This demonstrated his versatility as a political leader who could hold different positions of power within the French government. His experience in both roles gave him a comprehensive understanding of French governance at the highest levels.

### Professional Background

Beyond his political career, Poincaré was a trained lawyer, having completed his studies at the Paris Law Faculty. The legal profession was an important stepping stone for many French politicians of the Third Republic, and Poincaré's legal training informed his approach to governance and policy-making.

He also worked as a journalist, contributing to French public discourse through written media. This aspect of his career reflects the diverse professional backgrounds that characterized many Third Republic politicians, who often moved between law, journalism, and politics.

### Honors and Recognition

Raymond Poincaré received numerous domestic and international honors throughout his career, reflecting his stature as a major French political figure:

- **Order of St. Andrew** (Russia): The highest order of the Russian Empire, awarded for distinguished service
- **Order of the Star of Anjouan**: A French order of merit
- **Order of the Most Holy Annunciation**: A Roman Catholic order of knighthood originating in Savoy (Italy)
- **Order of the Royal House of Chakri**: Thailand's dynastic order
- **Order of the White Eagle**: Poland's highest decoration of merit, established in 1705
- **Cross of Valour**: A Polish military award
- **Royal Order of the Seraphim**: Sweden's highest order of chivalry, established in 1748
- **Knight of the Order of the Elephant**: Denmark's highest order, the only grade of the Order of the Elephant

These honors demonstrate the international recognition Poincaré received for his service to France and his role in European affairs during a critical period in continental history.

### Legacy

The legacy of Raymond Poincaré is preserved in several forms. Most notably, the Raymond Poincaré University Hospital in Garches, France, established in 1936, bears his name. This medical institution serves as a lasting memorial to a man who held the highest office in France during one of the nation's most challenging periods.

His leadership during World War I ensured that France remained unified and committed to the Allied cause throughout the conflict. The decisions made under his presidency had lasting implications for France's postwar reconstruction and its position in European affairs.

Poincaré represents the archetype of the Third Republic statesman—a lawyer-turned-politician who rose through democratic institutions to reach the pinnacle of French political life. His career exemplifies the political culture of the French Third Republic, which produced many notable leaders who guided France through both peace and war.

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