# Raduga 1M

> Russian military satellite system

**Wikidata**: [Q15901504](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15901504)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raduga-1M)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/raduga-1m

## Summary
Raduga 1M is a Russian military communications satellite system, part of the Raduga satellite constellation. It is a KAUR-4–bus based artificial satellite of the Earth, manufactured by JSC Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev and operated by the Russian Space Forces.

## Key Facts
- Raduga 1M is a Russian military communications satellite system (subclass: communications satellite).  
- It is part of the Raduga satellite constellation, a Russian constellation that has been in development since Soviet times.  
- The satellite uses the KAUR-4 spacecraft bus.  
- Manufacturer: JSC Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev.  
- Operator: Russian Space Forces.  
- Grau index: 17Ф15М.  
- Aliases: Globus-M; Russian: Глобус-1М.  
- Instance of: spacecraft bus and artificial satellite of the Earth.  
- It follows (is a successor in lineage to) Raduga-1.  
- Notable related items/variants listed: Raduga-1M (thing), Raduga 1M-1, and Globus-1M No.12L.

## FAQs
### Q: What is Raduga 1M?
A: Raduga 1M is a Russian military communications satellite system that provides telecommunications capability as part of the Raduga satellite constellation. It is an artificial Earth satellite built on the KAUR-4 bus.

### Q: Who operates and manufactures Raduga 1M?
A: The Raduga 1M system is operated by the Russian Space Forces and manufactured by JSC Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev.

### Q: What platform or bus does Raduga 1M use?
A: Raduga 1M is built on the KAUR-4 spacecraft bus.

### Q: Is Raduga 1M part of a larger constellation?
A: Yes. Raduga 1M is part of the Raduga satellite constellation, a Russian constellation that dates back to development in Soviet times.

### Q: Does Raduga 1M have other names?
A: Yes. It is also known as Globus-M and in Russian as Глобус-1М.

## Why It Matters
Raduga 1M matters because it represents a component of Russia’s military telecommunications infrastructure. As a communications satellite system, Raduga 1M contributes to secure and dedicated satellite-based telecommunications for military users, forming part of the broader Raduga constellation that originated in the Soviet era and continued under Russian development. Its use of the KAUR-4 bus and production by JSC Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev link it to established Russian spacecraft design and manufacturing capabilities. Operated by the Russian Space Forces, Raduga 1M supports national defense communications needs, enabling beyond-line-of-sight data and voice links that are critical for command, control, and situational awareness. Because it is a successor in the Raduga lineage (following Raduga-1) and carries the Grau index 17Ф15М, Raduga 1M is a distinct technical and programmatic element within Russia’s military space assets and in the historical continuity of Soviet/Russian military communications satellites.

## Notable For
- Being a Russian military communications satellite system and part of the Raduga constellation.  
- Use of the KAUR-4 spacecraft bus.  
- Manufactured by JSC Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev and operated by the Russian Space Forces.  
- Grau index designation 17Ф15М.  
- Known aliases Globus-M and Глобус-1М.

## Body

### Overview
- Name: Raduga 1M (also written Raduga-1M; aliases Globus-M, Глобус-1М).  
- Role: Military communications satellite system (telecommunications).  
- Constellation: Part of the Raduga satellite constellation, developed from Soviet times.

### Design and technical identifiers
- Spacecraft bus: KAUR-4.  
- Grau index: 17Ф15М.  
- Instance types: spacecraft bus; artificial satellite of the Earth.  
- Subclass/category: communications satellite.

### Manufacturer and operator
- Manufacturer: JSC Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev.  
- Operator: Russian Space Forces.

### Program lineage and related satellites
- Follows: Raduga-1 (predecessor in the Raduga program lineage).  
- Related/associated items listed in sources: Raduga-1M (Thing), Raduga 1M-1, Globus-1M No.12L.

### Documentation and references
- Wikipedia title available as Raduga-1M (English and Russian language pages referenced).  
- Described in sources as a Russian military satellite system; Google Knowledge Graph ID: /g/11r_psb7g.

## Schema Markup
```json
{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Thing",
  "name": "Raduga 1M",
  "description": "Raduga 1M is a Russian military communications satellite system built on the KAUR-4 bus and operated by the Russian Space Forces.",
  "sameAs": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raduga-1M",
    "https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raduga-1M"
  ],
  "additionalType": "communications satellite"
}