# Quantifying the bias in the estimated treatment effect in randomized trials having interim analyses and a rule for early stopping for futility

> Research article (Statistics in Medicine, 2017) · cited 34× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W2587412035](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W2587412035)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/quantifying-the-bias-in-the-estimated-treatment-effect-in-randomized-trials-having-interim-analyses-and-a-rule-for-early