# Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

> academic journal of the National Academy of Sciences

**Wikidata**: [Q1146531](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1146531)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/proceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences-of-the-united-states-of-america

## Summary

The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is a periodical that is a member of ORCID, Inc. [1][2] and CHORUS [1][2]. It operates as part of these organizations to support scholarly communication and open access initiatives. The journal publishes peer-reviewed research across scientific disciplines. Its affiliation with ORCID, Inc. and CHORUS ensures alignment with standards for researcher identification and public access to scholarly outputs. [1][2]

## Summary
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the National Academy of Sciences. It serves as one of the most prestigious scientific journals in the world, publishing research across a wide range of scientific disciplines.

## Key Facts
- Founded in 1915 (established +1915-00-00T00:00:00Z), making it over a century old
- Published by the National Academy of Sciences, which was established in 1863
- Located in Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, founded in 1790
- Functions as a hybrid open access journal with both subscription and open access content
- Operates as a delayed open access journal, providing free online access after an embargo period
- Also functions as a scientific journal and academic journal according to classification systems
- Multiple aliases include: National Academy of Sciences. Proceedings, PNAS, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. A., The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, PNAS / National Academy of Sciences
- Official websites: http://www.pnas.org/, http://www.jstor.org/journals/00278424.html, http://pubmedcentral.nih.gov/tocrender.fcgi?journal=2
- Has 34 sitelinks across various platforms

## FAQs
What is the relationship between Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences?
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the official academic journal published by the National Academy of Sciences, which is a private, nonprofit society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research.

Is PNAS an open access journal?
PNAS is a hybrid open access journal, meaning it publishes a mixture of open access and subscription-based content. It also functions as a delayed open access journal, providing free online access upon the expiry of an embargo period.

Where is the journal published?
The journal is published in Washington, D.C., the capital city of the United States of America, which was founded in 1790.

How long has PNAS been in publication?
PNAS has been in continuous publication since its inception in 1915, making it one of the longest-running scientific journals in the United States.

What types of articles does PNAS publish?
As a scientific journal, PNAS publishes peer-reviewed research across a wide range of scientific disciplines, including original research reports, commentaries, reviews, and colloquium papers.

## Why It Matters
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America represents a cornerstone of scientific publishing in the United States and globally. As the official journal of the National Academy of Sciences, one of the oldest and most prestigious scientific organizations in the world, PNAS serves as a critical platform for disseminating groundbreaking research across all scientific disciplines. The journal's hybrid open access model balances traditional subscription models with open access principles, ensuring broad dissemination of knowledge while maintaining rigorous peer review standards. PNAS plays a pivotal role in advancing scientific discourse and discovery by providing a prestigious platform for researchers whose findings can shape scientific understanding and policy. Its century-long history (established in 1915) provides a continuity of scientific discourse that bridges historical and contemporary research paradigms, making it an invaluable resource for understanding the evolution of scientific thought.

## Notable For
- Being one of the oldest continuously published scientific journals in the United States (founded in 1915)
- Serving as the official journal of the National Academy of Sciences, which was established in 1863, making it one of the most prestigious scientific publications globally
- Operating as both a hybrid open access journal and a delayed open access journal, pioneering in balancing traditional subscription models with open access principles
- Publishing research across the full spectrum of scientific disciplines, rather than specializing in a single field
- Having multiple authoritative aliases including the widely recognized acronym "PNAS"
- Maintaining a publication history that spans over a century, providing continuity in scientific discourse
- Being headquartered in Washington, D.C., connecting it to the political and policy dimensions of science

## Body
### History and Foundation
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America was founded in 1915, establishing it as one of the longest-running scientific journals in the United States. The journal emerged from the National Academy of Sciences, which itself was established in 1863, creating a direct lineage to one of the oldest and most prestigious scientific organizations in the world. The journal has maintained continuous publication throughout its century-plus existence, documenting the evolution of scientific research and discourse across numerous disciplines.

### Publication Model
PNAS operates as a hybrid open access journal, publishing a mixture of open access and subscription-based content. Additionally, it functions as a delayed open access journal, providing free online access upon the expiry of an embargo period. This dual approach balances the traditional subscription model with open access principles, ensuring both financial sustainability and broad accessibility of scientific knowledge.

### Editorial Scope
As a scientific journal and academic journal, PNAS publishes peer-reviewed research across a comprehensive range of scientific disciplines. The journal accepts original research reports, commentaries, reviews, and colloquium papers, making it truly interdisciplinary in nature. This broad scope allows PNAS to serve as a platform for scientific advancement across the entire spectrum of research areas, from fundamental discoveries to applied science.

### Organizational Structure
The journal is published by the National Academy of Sciences, a private, nonprofit society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research. The Academy itself is headquartered in Washington, D.C., the capital city of the United States, which was founded in 1790. This strategic location positions PNAS at the intersection of scientific research and policy, potentially influencing how scientific findings are communicated to and utilized by decision-makers.

### Digital Presence
PNAS maintains a robust digital presence through multiple official websites:
- http://www.pnas.org/ - The primary online portal
- http://www.jstor.org/journals/00278424.html - Archive through JSTOR
- http://pubmedcentral.nih.gov/tocrender.fcgi?journal=2 - Access through PubMed Central

These platforms ensure accessibility, preservation, and discoverability of the journal's content across different research ecosystems and user preferences.

### Naming and Recognition
The journal is recognized by multiple aliases, reflecting its long history and various publication formats:
- National Academy of Sciences. Proceedings
- PNAS (most widely used acronym)
- Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. A.
- The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- PNAS / National Academy of Sciences

These varied naming conventions demonstrate the journal's evolution and adaptation across different eras of scientific publishing while maintaining its core identity and prestige.

### Geographic Context
Located in Washington, D.C., PNAS benefits from its proximity to centers of scientific funding, policy-making, and research institutions. The journal's location connects it to broader scientific and political ecosystems, potentially enhancing its role in translating scientific knowledge into policy applications and public discourse.

### Legacy and Impact
With over a century of continuous publication, PNAS has documented and disseminated countless groundbreaking scientific findings. Its longevity provides a unique historical record of scientific progress, making it an invaluable resource for studying the evolution of scientific thought and methodology. The journal's hybrid open access model represents a pioneering approach to balancing accessibility with sustainability in scientific publishing.

### Classification and Relationships
PNAS is classified as multiple types of journals simultaneously:
- Scientific journal: periodical journal publishing scientific research
- Academic journal: peer-reviewed periodical relating to an academic discipline
- Hybrid open access journal: publishing a mixture of open access and subscription based content
- Delayed open access journal: providing free online access upon the expiry of an embargo period

This multifaceted classification reflects PNAS's comprehensive approach to scientific publishing, adapting to different models while maintaining its core mission of disseminating high-quality research.

## References

1. Scopus
2. Biodiversity Heritage Library
3. ISSN Portal
4. ORCID iD
5. [Source](https://web.archive.org/web/20221221220947/https://www.chorusaccess.org/about/our-members/)
6. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
7. ERA 2010 journal list
8. BFI 2012 journal list
9. BFI 2019 journal list
10. [Source](https://www.oaswitchboard.org/participants)
11. [Source](http://api.crossref.org/members/341)
12. Library of Congress Online Catalog
13. OpenCitations Corpus
14. National Collective Archive of Periodicals
15. [Source](https://mjl.clarivate.com/search-results?issn=0027-8424)
16. [Source](http://www.ppc.uem.br/qualis-2019/qualis-2019.pdf/view)
17. OpenAlex
18. YouTube API