# Printed label defect detection using twice gradient matching based on improved cosine similarity measure

> Research article (Expert Systems with Applications, 2022) · cited 21× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4280594843](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4280594843)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/printed-label-defect-detection-using-twice-gradient-matching-based-on-improved-cosine-similarity-measure