# preproinsulin

> mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

**Wikidata**: [Q7240673](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7240673)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/preproinsulin


## References

1. UniProt
2. [InterPro Release 71.0](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/protein/P01308)
3. [InterPro Release 71.0](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/protein/C9JNR5)
4. Q20641742
5. [Purified hybrid insulin/insulin-like growth factor-I receptors bind insulin-like growth factor-I, but not insulin, with high affinity](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
6. [Binding of human, porcine and bovine insulin to insulin receptors from human brain, muscle and adipocytes and to expressed recombinant alternatively spliced insulin receptor isoforms](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
7. [Familial hyperproinsulinaemia due to a mutation substituting histidine for arginine at position 65 in proinsulin: identification of the mutation by restriction enzyme mapping](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
8. [A helical structural nucleus is the primary elongating unit of insulin amyloid fibrils](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
9. [Structural features of proinsulin C-peptide oligomeric and amyloid states](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
10. [Insulin solubility transitions by pH-dependent interactions with proinsulin C-peptide](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
11. [Peptides that form β‐sheets on hydrophobic surfaces accelerate surface‐induced insulin amyloidal aggregation](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
12. [Amino acid sequence determinants in self‐assembly of insulin chiral amyloid superstructures: Role of C‐terminus of B‐chain in association of fibrils](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
13. [In vitro degradation of insulin-like peptide 3 by insulin-degrading enzyme](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
14. [Megalin is an endocytic receptor for insulin](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
15. [Structures of human insulin-degrading enzyme reveal a new substrate recognition mechanism](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
16. [How insulin engages its primary binding site on the insulin receptor](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
17. [Inhibition of Insulin Receptor Activation by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
18. [Impaired binding of insulin to erythrocyte membrane receptor and the activation of nitric oxide synthase by the hormone in human breast cancer](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
19. [A structurally abnormal insulin causing human diabetes](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
20. [GOA](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
21. [GOA](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:C9JNR5)
22. [Insulin inhibits intranuclear nuclear factor kappaB and stimulates IkappaB in mononuclear cells in obese subjects: evidence for an anti-inflammatory effect?](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
23. [Insulin and IGF-1 increase mitogenesis and glucose metabolism in the multiple myeloma cell line, RPMI 8226](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/GAnnotation?protein=P01308)
24. [A novel domain of caveolin-2 that controls nuclear targeting: regulation of insulin-specific ERK activation and nuclear translocation by caveolin-2](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
25. [Regulation of the Akt/Glycogen synthase kinase-3 axis by insulin-like growth factor-II via activation of the human insulin receptor isoform-A](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
26. [Insulin and glucocorticoids differentially regulate leptin transcription and secretion in brown adipocytes](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
27. [Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
28. [Insulin stimulates PKCzeta -mediated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). A self-attenuated mechanism to negatively regulate the function of IRS proteins](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/GAnnotation?protein=P01308)
29. [Insulin-induced activation of NADPH-dependent H2O2 generation in human adipocyte plasma membranes is mediated by Galphai2](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
30. [Insulin and IGF-1 increase mitogenesis and glucose metabolism in the multiple myeloma cell line, RPMI 8226](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
31. [Insulin-degrading enzyme regulates extracellular levels of amyloid beta-protein by degradation](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
32. [Extracellular PBEF/NAMPT/visfatin activates pro-inflammatory signalling in human vascular smooth muscle cells through nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase activity](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
33. [Insulin stimulates glucose transport via nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway in human vascular smooth muscle cells](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/GAnnotation?protein=P01308)
34. [Insulin-dependent activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase is impaired by O-linked glycosylation modification of signaling proteins in human coronary endothelial cells](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
35. [Replacement of insulin receptor tyrosine residues 1162 and 1163 compromises insulin-stimulated kinase activity and uptake of 2-deoxyglucose](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
36. [Akt, a pleckstrin homology domain containing kinase, is activated primarily by phosphorylation](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
37. [Effects of Insulin on Wound Healing](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
38. [PSM, a mediator of PDGF-BB-, IGF-I-, and insulin-stimulated mitogenesis](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
39. [Milk intake and feeding behavior in the first week of life and its relationship to cord blood ghrelin, leptin, and insulin concentrations](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
40. [Intravenous insulin decreases protein breakdown in infants on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
41. [Insulin/insulin-like growth factor I hybrid receptors have different biological characteristics depending on the insulin receptor isoform involved](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
42. [Insulin decreases hepatic acute phase protein levels in severely burned children](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
43. [Insulin decreases the secretion of apoB-100 from hepatic HepG2 cells but does not decrease the secretion of apoB-48 from intestinal CaCo-2 cells](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
44. [Activation of the insulin receptor by insulin and a synthetic peptide leads to divergent metabolic and mitogenic signaling and responses](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
45. [Effect of intravenous insulin treatment on in vivo whole body leucine kinetics and oxygen consumption in insulin-deprived type I diabetic patients](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
46. [Neuroprotection of insulin against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in cultured retinal neurons: involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signal pathway](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
47. [Resistin in Dairy Cows: Plasma Concentrations during Early Lactation, Expression and Potential Role in Adipose Tissue](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
48. [Glucagon regulation of plasma ketone body concentration in human diabetes](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
49. [Insulin stimulates glucose transport via nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway in human vascular smooth muscle cells](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)
50. [Differential gene expression induced by insulin and insulin-like growth factor-II through the insulin receptor isoform A](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/annotations?geneProductId=UniProtKB:P01308)