# physical science

> branch of natural science that studies non-living systems

**Wikidata**: [Q14632398](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14632398)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_physical_science)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/physical-science

## Summary
Physical science is a branch of natural science that studies non-living systems, including physics, chemistry, and related disciplines. It serves as the foundation for understanding matter, energy, and their interactions through systematic observation and theoretical modeling. As an exact science, physical science admits absolute precision in its results, making it essential for technological advancements and scientific research.

## Key Facts
- Physical science is a **branch of natural science** that studies non-living systems.
- It includes **physics**, **chemistry**, **astronomy**, **atmospheric physics**, **metrology**, and **thermodynamics** as core disciplines.
- Physical science is classified as an **exact science**, admitting absolute precision in its results.
- It is part of the broader **natural science** domain, which encompasses both living and non-living systems.
- Physical science is connected to **physical science research institutes** like the **United States Naval Research Laboratory** and **JILA**.
- Notable figures in physical science include **Carlo Cattaneo**, **Jean Perrin**, **Giovanni Battista Grassi**, and **Giuseppe Occhialini**.
- Physical science has a **sitelink count of 33** and a **Wikipedia title: Outline of physical science**.
- It has structured properties including **P244: sh89005705**, **P373: Physical sciences**, **P646: /m/05wxr**, and **P1014: 300054532**.
- Physical science has aliases such as **outline of physical science**.
- It has parts including **physics**, **chemistry**, **astronomy**, **atmospheric physics**, **metrology**, and **thermodynamics**.
- Physical science is an **instance of** **academic discipline** and **branch of science**.
- It is a **subclass of** **natural science**.
- It has identifiers such as **P1225: 10644274**, **P1368: 000081598**, and **P1417: science/physical-science**.
- Physical science has a **Wikidata description**: "branch of natural science that studies non-living systems."

## FAQs
### What are the core disciplines of physical science?
Physical science includes **physics**, **chemistry**, **astronomy**, **atmospheric physics**, **metrology**, and **thermodynamics** as its core disciplines. These fields collectively study non-living systems, matter, energy, and their interactions.

### How is physical science classified in the scientific hierarchy?
Physical science is classified as a **branch of natural science** and an **exact science**. It is part of the broader **natural science** domain, which encompasses both living and non-living systems. It is also an **instance of** **academic discipline** and **branch of science**.

### What are some notable research institutes associated with physical science?
Notable research institutes associated with physical science include the **United States Naval Research Laboratory** and **JILA**. These institutes conduct groundbreaking research in areas such as quantum physics, atomic clocks, and precision measurements.

### Who are some notable figures in physical science?
Notable figures in physical science include **Carlo Cattaneo**, an Italian mathematician; **Jean Perrin**, a French physicist; **Giovanni Battista Grassi**, an Italian zoologist; and **Giuseppe Occhialini**, an Italian physicist. These individuals have made significant contributions to their respective fields.

### What are the structured properties of physical science?
Physical science has structured properties including **P244: sh89005705**, **P373: Physical sciences**, **P646: /m/05wxr**, and **P1014: 300054532**. These properties help in cataloging and identifying physical science within various knowledge systems.

### What is the significance of physical science as an exact science?
Physical science is classified as an **exact science**, meaning it admits absolute precision in its results. This classification is crucial for its role in technological advancements and scientific research, where precise measurements and theoretical models are essential.

## Why It Matters
Physical science is essential for understanding the fundamental principles that govern the universe. By studying non-living systems, it provides the foundation for technological advancements, scientific research, and practical applications. The precision and accuracy of physical science make it indispensable in fields such as engineering, medicine, and environmental science. Its contributions have led to breakthroughs in areas like quantum physics, atomic clocks, and precision measurements, which have revolutionized timekeeping, navigation, and fundamental scientific understanding. Physical science plays a critical role in addressing global challenges, from climate change to energy sustainability, by providing the theoretical and practical tools necessary for innovation and problem-solving.

## Notable For
- Being a **branch of natural science** that studies non-living systems.
- Including **physics**, **chemistry**, **astronomy**, **atmospheric physics**, **metrology**, and **thermodynamics** as core disciplines.
- Being classified as an **exact science**, admitting absolute precision in its results.
- Being connected to **physical science research institutes** like the **United States Naval Research Laboratory** and **JILA**.
- Having notable figures such as **Carlo Cattaneo**, **Jean Perrin**, **Giovanni Battista Grassi**, and **Giuseppe Occhialini**.
- Having a **sitelink count of 33** and a **Wikipedia title: Outline of physical science**.
- Having structured properties including **P244: sh89005705**, **P373: Physical sciences**, **P646: /m/05wxr**, and **P1014: 300054532**.
- Having aliases such as **outline of physical science**.
- Having parts including **physics**, **chemistry**, **astronomy**, **atmospheric physics**, **metrology**, and **thermodynamics**.
- Being an **instance of** **academic discipline** and **branch of science**.
- Being a **subclass of** **natural science**.
- Having identifiers such as **P1225: 10644274**, **P1368: 000081598**, and **P1417: science/physical-science**.
- Having a **Wikidata description**: "branch of natural science that studies non-living systems."

## Body

### Definition and Scope
Physical science is defined as a branch of natural science that studies non-living systems. It encompasses disciplines such as **physics**, **chemistry**, **astronomy**, **atmospheric physics**, **metrology**, and **thermodynamics**. These fields collectively focus on understanding matter, energy, and their interactions through systematic observation and theoretical modeling.

### Classification and Scientific Hierarchy
Physical science is classified as a **branch of natural science** and an **exact science**. It is part of the broader **natural science** domain, which encompasses both living and non-living systems. Physical science is also an **instance of** **academic discipline** and **branch of science**, reflecting its status as a foundational field of study. It is a **subclass of** **natural science**, indicating its role within the scientific hierarchy.

### Core Disciplines
Physical science includes several core disciplines:
- **Physics**: The study of matter and its motion, along with related concepts such as energy and force.
- **Chemistry**: The scientific study of matter's composition, structure, and properties.
- **Astronomy**: The natural science dedicated to the study of celestial objects and phenomena.
- **Atmospheric Physics**: The application of physics to the study of the atmosphere.
- **Metrology**: The science of measurement and its application across various fields.
- **Thermodynamics**: The branch of physics concerned with heat, work, temperature, and thermal or internal energy.

### Notable Research Institutes
Physical science is associated with several notable research institutes:
- **United States Naval Research Laboratory**: A corporate research laboratory for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, founded in 1923. It conducts scientific research and development in support of naval operations and national security.
- **JILA**: A physics research institute founded in 1962, jointly operated by the University of Colorado Boulder and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). It specializes in laboratory astrophysics and is known for groundbreaking research in quantum physics, atomic clocks, and precision measurements.

### Notable Figures
Physical science has been shaped by numerous notable figures:
- **Carlo Cattaneo**: An Italian mathematician (1911-1979) who contributed to the field of physics.
- **Jean Perrin**: A French physicist (1870–1942) known for his work on atomic theory and the Nobel Prize in Physics.
- **Giovanni Battista Grassi**: An Italian zoologist (1854-1925) who made significant contributions to the study of animals.
- **Giuseppe Occhialini**: An Italian physicist (1907-1993) who contributed to the discovery of the pion or pi-meson decay.

### Structured Properties and Identifiers
Physical science has structured properties and identifiers that help in its cataloging and identification within various knowledge systems:
- **P244: sh89005705**: Library of Congress Subject Headings identifier.
- **P373: Physical sciences**: Wikimedia Commons category.
- **P646: /m/05wxr**: Freebase identifier.
- **P1014: 300054532**: Library of Congress Classification.
- **P1225: 10644274**: Library of Congress Control Number.
- **P1368: 000081598**: International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI).
- **P1417: science/physical-science**: Wikidata property for the Wikipedia title.
- **P3417: Physical-Sciences**: Library of Congress Subject Heading.
- **P3827: physical-sciences**: Library of Congress Subject Heading.
- **P5437: 3946**: Dewey Decimal Classification.
- **P6366: 6314898**: Library of Congress Subject Heading.
- **P7870: 60701**: Library of Congress Subject Heading.
- **P8189: 987007534572205171**: National Library of Medicine Unique ID.
- **P8529: 51, 5199, 519999**: Library of Congress Classification.
- **P8539: Physical Sciences**: Library of Congress Subject Heading.
- **P8885: 물상과학**: Korean Wikipedia title.
- **P10283: C6314898**: Library of Congress Subject Heading.
- **P10380: physical-sciences**: Library of Congress Subject Heading.
- **P10690: 6230**: Library of Congress Subject Heading.
- **P12839: 554**: Library of Congress Subject Heading.
- **P13591: concept/ba1f15fb-e93e-4b12-b76f-134d35371476**: Wikidata property for the concept URI.

### Aliases and Parts
Physical science has aliases and parts that help in its identification and categorization:
- **Aliases**: outline of physical science.
- **Has parts**: physics, chemistry, astronomy, atmospheric physics, metrology, thermodynamics.

### Instance of and Subclass of
Physical science is an **instance of** **academic discipline** and **branch of science**, reflecting its status as a field of study and a branch of scientific inquiry. It is a **subclass of** **natural science**, indicating its role within the broader scientific hierarchy.

### Sitelink Count and Wikipedia Title
Physical science has a **sitelink count of 33** and a **Wikipedia title: Outline of physical science**, indicating its widespread recognition and use across multiple platforms and languages.

### Wikidata Description
Physical science has a **Wikidata description**: "branch of natural science that studies non-living systems," which provides a concise definition of the field.

## References

1. [Source](https://github.com/JohnMarkOckerbloom/ftl/blob/master/data/wikimap)
2. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
3. Quora
4. National Library of Israel Names and Subjects Authority File
5. [Source](https://vocabs.ardc.edu.au/viewById/316)
6. [OpenAlex](https://docs.openalex.org/download-snapshot/snapshot-data-format)