# Philip Zimbardo

> American social psychologist, author of Stanford Prison Experiment (1933–2024)

**Wikidata**: [Q296042](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q296042)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Zimbardo)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/philip-zimbardo

## Summary
Philip Zimbardo was an American social psychologist, most notably known for conducting the Stanford Prison Experiment and authoring the book "The Lucifer Effect."

## Biography
- Born: 1933-03-23
- Nationality: United States
- Education: Attended Brooklyn College, Yale University, New York University, Stanford University, Columbia University
- Known for: Stanford Prison Experiment and The Lucifer Effect
- Employer(s): Brooklyn College, Yale University, New York University, Stanford University, Columbia University
- Field(s): Social psychology

## Contributions
- Conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment in 1971, a controversial psychological study examining the effects of perceived power, authority, and social roles on human behavior.
- Authored the book "The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil" in 2007, which analyzed the psychological factors that lead ordinary people to commit harmful acts.
- Received the Ig Nobel Prize (1991) for the Stanford Prison Experiment.

## FAQs
- Where did Philip Zimbardo conduct his famous experiment? The Stanford Prison Experiment was conducted at Stanford University in 1971.
- What was the title of Philip Zimbardo's book about the Stanford Prison Experiment? His book is titled "The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil."
- Which university was Philip Zimbardo affiliated with when conducting the Stanford Prison Experiment? He was affiliated with Stanford University.
- What award did Philip Zimbardo receive for the Stanford Prison Experiment? He received the Ig Nobel Prize in 1991.

## Why They Matter
The Stanford Prison Experiment fundamentally changed our understanding of how situational factors can influence human behavior, demonstrating how ordinary people can adopt dehumanizing behaviors when placed in positions of power or authority. Zimbardo's work has influenced fields ranging from psychology and sociology to law enforcement and organizational behavior, highlighting the importance of considering situational variables in understanding human behavior.

## Notable For
- Conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment (1971), a landmark psychological study that demonstrated how situational factors can lead to harmful behavior.
- Authored "The Lucifer Effect" (2007), which analyzed the psychological mechanisms behind how good people can turn evil.
- Received the Ig Nobel Prize (1991) for the Stanford Prison Experiment.
- Was affiliated with multiple prestigious universities including Stanford University, Yale University, and New York University.
- Made significant contributions to the field of social psychology, particularly in understanding the effects of perceived power and authority on human behavior.

## Body
### Early Life and Education
Philip Zimbardo was born on March 23, 1933, in New York City. He received his education at several prestigious institutions, including Brooklyn College, Yale University, New York University, Stanford University, and Columbia University.

### Career and Research
Zimbardo's career as a social psychologist spanned several decades, during which he conducted numerous influential studies. His most famous work was the Stanford Prison Experiment, conducted in 1971 at Stanford University. This experiment involved participants being randomly assigned to play the role of either a prisoner or a guard in a simulated prison environment. The study revealed how quickly participants adopted their roles and how the situation led to dehumanizing behaviors.

### The Stanford Prison Experiment
The Stanford Prison Experiment was a controversial but groundbreaking study that demonstrated how situational factors can influence human behavior. The experiment was conducted over two weeks and involved 24 male college students who were randomly assigned to play the role of either a prisoner or a guard in a simulated prison environment. The study revealed how quickly participants adopted their roles and how the situation led to dehumanizing behaviors.

### The Lucifer Effect
In 2007, Zimbardo published "The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil," which analyzed the psychological factors that lead ordinary people to commit harmful acts. The book drew on his own experiences with the Stanford Prison Experiment and other research to explain how situational pressures can override personal values and lead to unethical behavior.

### Affiliations and Awards
Throughout his career, Zimbardo was affiliated with several prestigious universities including Stanford University, Yale University, and New York University. He received the Ig Nobel Prize in 1991 for the Stanford Prison Experiment.

### Legacy
Zimbardo's work has had a lasting impact on the field of psychology and beyond. His research has influenced how we understand the role of situational factors in human behavior and has been cited in various contexts including law enforcement, organizational behavior, and social policy. The Stanford Prison Experiment remains one of the most famous and controversial psychological studies in history.

## References

1. [Philip G. Zimbardo](https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/legacyremembers/philip-zimbardo-obituary?id=56549140)
2. BnF authorities
3. Integrated Authority File
4. [Former APA Presidents. American Psychological Association](https://www.apa.org/about/governance/president/former-presidents)
5. Czech National Authority Database
6. The Fine Art Archive
7. [Source](https://www.spssi.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=page.viewpage&pageid=938)
8. [WILBUR CROSS MEDAL RECIPIENTS BY YEAR 1966 – 2023. Yale University](https://gsas.yale.edu/documents/wilbur-cross-medalists-1966-2023-year)
9. Virtual International Authority File
10. CiNii Research
11. IMDb
12. SNAC
13. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
14. [Source](http://digitale.beic.it/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?fn=search&vid=BEIC&vl%283134987UI0%29=creator&vl%28freeText0%29=Zimbardo%20Philip%20George)
15. CONOR.SI
16. Goodreads
17. LIBRIS. 2008
18. [Source](https://www.podchaser.com/creators/dr-phil-zimbardo-107ZzpvPaJ/appearances)