# Percy Williams Bridgman

> American physicist

**Wikidata**: [Q172118](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172118)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/percy-williams-bridgman

## Summary
Percy Williams Bridgman was an American physicist and university teacher affiliated with Harvard University. He is a Nobel Prize in Physics laureate whose career is associated with multiple major scientific prizes, learned societies, and technical terms and eponyms linked to his name.

## Biography
- Nationality: United States
- Known for: Work in physics; association with the Nobel Prize in Physics
- Employer(s): Harvard University
- Field(s): physics; university teaching

## Contributions
The provided source does not list specific papers, patents, or publication titles for Percy Williams Bridgman. The concrete outcomes and topics connected to his name or work in the source material include:
- Nobel Prize in Physics — listed among his awards (no year given in source).
- Rumford Prize — listed among his awards (inception 1839).
- Josiah Willard Gibbs Lectureship — listed among his honors (inception 1923).
- Elliott Cresson Medal — listed among his awards (first awarded 1875).
- Comstock Prize in Physics — listed among his awards (inception 1913).
- Royal Society Bakerian Medal — listed among his honors (inception 1775).
- Doctor honoris causa from the University of Paris (country: France).
- Bingham Medal (Society of Rheology award) — listed among his honors (inception 1948).
- Related techniques and concepts present in the source material that are associated with Bridgman or his domain of work:
  - Bridgman–Stockbarger technique — described as a method of crystallization (sitelink_count: 10).
  - Pascalization — described as a method of preserving and sterilizing food under high pressure (sitelink_count: 9).
  - bridgmanite — described as a perovskite-type high-pressure phase mineral, believed to compose up to 93% of the lower mantle (sitelink_count: 15).
- Geographic and astronomical names appearing in the source material related to the Bridgman name:
  - Mount Bridgman (Graham Land, Antarctica) (sitelink_count: 7).
  - Bridgman — lunar crater (sitelink_count: 14).

## FAQs
Q: Where did Percy Williams Bridgman work?
A: The source lists Harvard University as an employer/affiliation for Percy Williams Bridgman. Harvard University is described with an inception date of 1636-09-08 and an employees value of 19,178.0 in the provided material.

Q: Which major awards and honors did Bridgman receive?
A: The provided material lists the Nobel Prize in Physics, the Rumford Prize (inception 1839), the Josiah Willard Gibbs Lectureship (inception 1923), the Elliott Cresson Medal (first awarded 1875), the Comstock Prize in Physics (inception 1913), the Royal Society Bakerian Medal (inception 1775), a doctor honoris causa from the University of Paris (France), and the Bingham Medal (inception 1948).

Q: With which learned societies and national academies is Bridgman associated in the source material?
A: The source material includes the Royal Society, the United States National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Physical Society as related entities.

Q: What technical terms or items are linked to Bridgman in the source?
A: The source lists the Bridgman–Stockbarger technique (method of crystallization), pascalization (high-pressure food preservation/sterilization), and bridgmanite (a high-pressure perovskite-type mineral) as related items.

Q: Are there geographic or astronomical features named in the source that relate to Bridgman?
A: Yes. The source includes Mount Bridgman (Antarctica) and a lunar crater named Bridgman among related items.

Q: What biographical metadata is included in the source?
A: The source provides aliases (Percy Bridgman), a sitelink_count of 79, the wikipedia_title "Percy Williams Bridgman", and the wikidata_description "American physicist". No birth date, place, or formal education details are given in the provided material.

## Why They Matter
Percy Williams Bridgman's significance in the provided material is signaled by the highest-level recognitions in physics and by broad institutional associations. He is listed as a Nobel Prize in Physics recipient; that single fact marks him as among the most recognized contributors in the field. His name appears in connection with specialized techniques (Bridgman–Stockbarger technique), industrial or applied processes (pascalization), and a major mineral phase (bridgmanite), indicating a legacy that spans experimental technique, applied high-pressure methods, and geophysical/mineralogical relevance. The presence of geographic and lunar features tied to the Bridgman name indicates a durable public and scientific footprint beyond publications. Memberships and associations with leading learned societies and national academies reinforce the view that his work met sustained peer recognition; awards such as the Rumford Prize, Comstock Prize, Elliott Cresson Medal, Royal Society Bakerian Medal, and the Bingham Medal demonstrate multidisciplinary acknowledgement across physics, chemistry, and rheology contexts. Without these recognitions and the associated technical terms tied to his name, several lines of applied high-pressure physics technique and the eponymous references recorded in the source material would not carry the same consolidated historical association.

## Notable For
- Nobel Prize in Physics (listed among his awards).
- Rumford Prize (award in the source; inception 1839).
- Josiah Willard Gibbs Lectureship (inception 1923).
- Elliott Cresson Medal (first awarded 1875).
- Comstock Prize in Physics (inception 1913).
- Royal Society Bakerian Medal (inception 1775).
- Doctor honoris causa from the University of Paris (France).
- Bingham Medal (Society of Rheology award; inception 1948).
- Association with Harvard University (inception 1636-09-08; employees value 19,178.0 in the source).
- Related technical/eponymous items in the source: Bridgman–Stockbarger technique; pascalization; bridgmanite.
- Geographic and astronomical names in the source: Mount Bridgman and Bridgman lunar crater.
- Appears in metadata with alias "Percy Bridgman", wikipedia_title "Percy Williams Bridgman", sitelink_count 79, and wikidata_description "American physicist".

## Body

### Identity and metadata
- Aliases: Percy Bridgman.
- Wikipedia title provided in the source: "Percy Williams Bridgman".
- Wikidata description in source: "American physicist".
- Sitelink count (in provided material): 79.
- SEO Data Context in the source: "No SEO data available yet."

### Early life and personal data
- The provided material does not include birth date, birth place, family, or formal education details. No specific early-life facts are present in the source.

### Career and employer
- Employer/Affiliation listed in the source: Harvard University.
  - Harvard University metadata in the source: inception 1636-09-08; country: Q30; headquarters: ; employees: 19,178.0; industry: ; sitelink_count: 148.
- Occupational descriptors in the source: "physicist" and "university teacher."
- Primary field listed in the source: physics.

### Learned societies and national academies (as listed in source)
- Royal Society — described as an English learned society for science. The source provides inception +1660-11-01T00:00:00Z; country: ; headquarters: Q84; employees: 200.0, 219.0, 212.0, 190.0, 167.0, 266.0, 291.0; industry: ; sitelink_count: 89.
- National Academy of Sciences — described as the science branch of the United States National Academies; inception +1863-03-03T00:00:00Z; country: Q30; headquarters: ; sitelink_count: 53.
- American Academy of Arts and Sciences — United States honorary society and policy research center; inception +1780-05-04T00:00:00Z; country: Q30; headquarters: ; industry: ; sitelink_count: 44.
- American Philosophical Society — American scholarly organization and learned society; inception +1743-00-00T00:00:00Z; country: Q30; headquarters: ; industry: ; citizenship: Q30; sitelink_count: 32.
- American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) — international non-profit organization promoting science; inception +1848-09-20T00:00:00Z; country: Q30; headquarters: Q61; sitelink_count: 30.
- American Physical Society — professional organization of physicists; inception +1899-05-20T00:00:00Z; country: Q30; headquarters: ; industry: ; sitelink_count: 31.

### Awards, honors, and distinctions (from the source)
- Nobel Prize in Physics — listed among awards (inception of prize given as +1901-00-00T00:00:00Z for the prize itself in the source).
- Rumford Prize — listed (inception +1839-00-00T00:00:00Z in source).
- Josiah Willard Gibbs Lectureship — listed (inception 1923; country: United States; sitelink_count: 7 in source).
- Elliott Cresson Medal — listed (inception referenced as 1875 for first award; country: United States; sitelink_count: 16).
- Comstock Prize in Physics — listed (inception 1913; sitelink_count: 14).
- Royal Society Bakerian Medal — listed (inception 1775; sitelink_count: 11).
- Doctor honoris causa from the University of Paris — listed (country: France).
- Bingham Medal (Society of Rheology) — listed (inception +1948-00-00T00:00:00Z; sitelink_count: 6).

### Technical terms, eponyms, and related scientific items (as presented)
- Bridgman–Stockbarger technique — described in source as a method of crystallization (sitelink_count: 10).
- Pascalization — described as a method of preserving and sterilizing food under high pressure (sitelink_count: 9).
- bridgmanite — described as a perovskite-type high-pressure phase mineral, believed to compose up to 93% of the lower mantle (sitelink_count: 15).
- Bridgman (lunar crater) — listed as a related item (sitelink_count: 14).
- Mount Bridgman — mountain in Graham Land, Antarctica (sitelink_count: 7).

### Miscellaneous metadata about related entities (as provided)
- United States — country listed among related entities; inception values provided in source text referencing 1776-07-04 and 1784-05-12 with qualifiers; sitelink_count: 423.
- Physics — described as the study of matter and its motion; sitelink_count: 314.
- The "physicist" and "university teacher" occupation items carried sitelink counts in the source: physicist (sitelink_count: 90), university teacher (sitelink_count: 19).
- Several related items list sitelink counts and short descriptions in the source; those sitelink counts have been repeated in the sections above where the items were listed.

### Legacy and influence (synthesis limited to source)
- The provided material documents a legacy marked by the Nobel Prize in Physics and numerous other major awards, membership/association with leading scientific societies, and an array of technical terms and eponymous features connected to the Bridgman name. The diversity of honors and related items in the source indicates cross-disciplinary recognition spanning fundamental physics, applied high-pressure techniques, mineralogy, and public commemoration in geographic and lunar nomenclature.

(End of entry.)

## References

1. Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978)
2. Find a Grave
3. [Source](https://www.amacad.org/rumford-prize-recipients)
4. [Source](https://www.scientificlib.com/en/Physics/Info/GuthrieMedalAndPrize.html)
5. [Source](https://www.fi.edu/en/laureates/percy-williams-bridgman)
6. [Source](http://www.nasonline.org/programs/awards/comstock-prize-in-physics.html)
7. [Source](http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1946/)
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9. Complete List of Royal Society Fellows 1660-2007
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25. Munzinger Personen
26. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
27. nobelprize.org
28. Treccani's Enciclopedia on line
29. Enciclopedia Treccani
30. [Source](http://purl.org/pressemappe20/beaconlist/pe)
31. LIBRIS. 2002
32. Treccani Philosophy