# Pemex

> Mexican state-owned petroleum corporation

**Wikidata**: [Q871308](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q871308)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemex)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/pemex

## Summary
Pemex is a Mexican state-owned petroleum corporation responsible for commercial, industrial, and professional activities in the petroleum sector. Established in Mexico, it functions as a key legal entity controlled by the Mexican government to undertake commercial activities in oil exploration, refining, and distribution.

## Key Facts
- **Revenue:** $125,943,900,000 USD
- **Website:** http://www.pemex.com
- **Employees:** 138,215
- **Inception:** January 1, 1938
- **Sitelink Count:** 31
- **Wikipedia Title:** Pemex
- **Wikidata Description:** Mexican state-owned petroleum corporation
- **Located in:** Mexico City, Mexico
- **Ownership:** Operated by the Secretariat of Energy (Mexico)
- **Key Figure:** Lázaro Cárdenas (51st President of Mexico, associated with its founding context)
- **Major Asset:** Cantarell Field (Oil field in Mexico)
- **Notable Event:** Associated with the Tlahuelilpan pipeline explosion (2019, Hidalgo, Mexico)
- **Affiliated Person:** Emilio Lozoya Austin (Mexican politician and economist)

## FAQs
- **What type of organization is Pemex?** Pemex is a state-owned enterprise, meaning it is a legal entity controlled by the Mexican government to engage in commercial activities, specifically within the petroleum industry.
- **Where is Pemex headquartered and operating?** Pemex is located in Mexico City, the capital of Mexico, and operates throughout the country as the national petroleum corporation.
- **Who is responsible for overseeing Pemex?** The Secretariat of Energy (Mexico) owns and operates Pemex, exercising governmental control over its activities.
- **What major oil field is a significant asset for Pemex?** The Cantarell Field, a major oil field located in Mexico, is a key asset associated with Pemex's operations.
- **Who played a key role in Pemex's establishment context?** Lázaro Cárdenas, serving as the 51st President of Mexico, is a notable figure associated with the period leading to Pemex's creation in 1938.

## Why It Matters
Pemex is fundamentally significant as Mexico's sole state-owned petroleum corporation, representing the government's direct control over a critical national resource and industry. It ensures the state's sovereignty over oil extraction, refining, and distribution, underpinning Mexico's energy security and fiscal stability. Its massive scale (138k+ employees, $125+ billion revenue) underscores its role as the dominant economic engine in Mexico's oil sector, influencing national budget, employment, and strategic energy policy, while its historical roots trace back to foundational policies established under President Lázaro Cárdenas.

## Notable For
- Being a prominent state-owned enterprise, legally controlled by the Mexican government for commercial purposes.
- Its vast scale, employing 138,215 individuals and generating revenue of $125,943,900,000.
- Its deep integration with Mexico's oil industry, encompassing oil refining and petroleum handling activities.
- Its historical establishment under the framework established during Lázaro Cárdenas's presidency, solidifying state control over Mexico's petroleum resources.
- Operating the significant Cantarell oil field, a major national asset.
- Being the entity directly linked to major incidents like the 2019 Tlahuelilpan pipeline explosion.

## Body
### Business Classification and Core Activities
Pemex is classified as a **business** (organization undertaking commercial, industrial, or professional activity) and a **state-owned enterprise** (legal entity controlled by a government to undertake commercial activities). Its core activities are centered on the **petroleum industry**, encompassing activities linked to handling oil products, including **oil refining** – the industrial process by which crude oil is processed into more useful products – and dealing with **petroleum** itself (naturally occurring flammable liquid).

### Location and National Context
Pemex is **located in** Mexico City, the capital and largest city of Mexico. Mexico City itself has an inception date of 1521 (Tenochtitlan) and 1325 (Tenochtitlan, different qualifier) and is situated in the country of **Mexico**. Mexico, the country in which Pemex operates, was established through declarations of independence from Spain in 1810 (preferred) and 1821, with independence recognized by Spain in 1836.

### Ownership, Operation, and Key Assets
Pemex is **owned and operated by** the **Secretariat of Energy** (Mexico), a government entity itself established in 1946. Pemex's operational domain includes major assets like the **Cantarell Field**, an oil field located in Mexico. Its operations are intrinsically linked to the nation's petroleum infrastructure, as evidenced by its association with significant events such as the **Tlahuelilpan pipeline explosion** – a 2019 gasoline pipeline disaster in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Furthermore, Pemex's operational scope extends to geological formations like the **Chicontepec Formation**, which constitutes a petroleum system in Mexico, though details on its exploitation status are not specified.

### Subsidiaries and Affiliations
The **Secretariat of Energy** (Mexico) is listed both as an **owner/operator** of Pemex and as a **subsidiary** of Pemex, indicating a complex governance relationship where the ministry oversees Pemex but Pemex may also incorporate the ministry within its corporate structure. Pemex has been **affiliated with** individuals such as **Emilio Lozoya Austin**, a Mexican politician and economist.

### Historical Context and Key People
The creation of Pemex in 1938 is historically contextualized within the presidency of **Lázaro Cárdenas**, the 51st President of Mexico. Cárdenas, whose occupations included Politician and Head of State, and whose citizenship was Mexican, played a pivotal role in the nationalization of the Mexican oil industry, leading to the establishment of Pemex as a state-owned corporation. His association highlights the foundational political will behind Pemex's existence.

### Industry Significance and Infrastructure
As the state petroleum corporation, Pemex is central to Mexico's **petroleum industry** and **oil refining** capabilities. Its operations involve the **handling of petroleum products**, covering the entire spectrum from extraction to distribution. The corporation's significance is amplified by the **SS Potrero del Llano**, an oil tanker built in 1912 that was historically associated with the events leading to nationalization, marking an early point of conflict and eventual state control.

## References

1. Virtual International Authority File
2. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
3. [Source](http://pwrr.org/rrm/rrmp.html)
4. [Source](http://km.aifb.kit.edu/services/crunchbase/)
5. [Source](http://fortune.com/global500/pemex-36/)
6. GRID Release 2019-02-17
7. Quora
8. Aligned ISNI and Ringgold identifiers for institutions
9. National Library of Israel Names and Subjects Authority File
10. Name Suggestion Index