# Paul Verlaine

> French poet (1844-1896)

**Wikidata**: [Q755](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Verlaine)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/paul-verlaine

## Summary
Paul Verlaine was a French poet and a central figure in the Symbolist movement, renowned for his lyrical and expressive works. Born in 1844, he is celebrated for his collaborations with Arthur Rimbaud and his influence on modern poetry, leaving a lasting legacy in French literature.

## Biography
- **Born**: 1844  
- **Nationality**: French  
- **Education**: Attended Lycée Condorcet in Paris  
- **Known for**: Pioneering Symbolist poetry and collaborations with Arthur Rimbaud  
- **Employer(s)**: Not specified  
- **Field(s)**: Poetry, lyric poetry, symbolism  

## Contributions
- Published seminal poetry collections such as *Jadis et Naguère* (1884), which earned him the Mallarmé Prize.  
- Authored works like *Romances sans paroles* (1874) and *Sagesse* (1880), characterized by musicality and emotional depth.  
- Translated literary texts and contributed as a librettist, though specific titles are not detailed in the source material.  
- Played a pivotal role in the Symbolist movement, emphasizing suggestion and evocation over direct statement.  

## FAQs
**Q: What is Paul Verlaine best known for?**  
A: Verlaine is best known as a leading French poet of the Symbolist movement, celebrated for his lyrical style and influential collaborations with Arthur Rimbaud.  

**Q: Where was Paul Verlaine educated?**  
A: He attended Lycée Condorcet in Paris, a prestigious public school.  

**Q: Who are key figures associated with Verlaine?**  
A: Notable associates include poet Arthur Rimbaud, Bulgarian writer Geo Milev, and Romanian poet Păstorel Teodoreanu.  

**Q: What institutions are linked to Verlaine’s legacy?**  
A: Paul Verlaine University – Metz, founded in 1970 and merged in 2012, honors his name.  

## Why They Matter
Paul Verlaine revolutionized French poetry by advancing Symbolism, emphasizing musicality and introspection. His turbulent relationship with Arthur Rimbaud spurred mutual creative growth, while his works like *Romances sans paroles* redefined poetic expression. Without Verlaine, the trajectory of modern poetry—from Symbolism to later avant-garde movements—would lack a foundational voice. His influence extends globally, inspiring writers such as Geo Milev and Păstorel Teodoreanu, and his legacy is institutionalized through the university bearing his name.

## Notable For
- Leading figure of the Symbolist movement in poetry.  
- Collaborations with Arthur Rimbaud, shaping 19th-century French literature.  
- Author of *Jadis et Naguère* (1884), winner of the Mallarmé Prize.  
- Namesake of Paul Verlaine University – Metz (1970–2012).  

## Body

### Early Life and Education  
Paul-Marie Verlaine was born in 1844 in France. He studied at Lycée Condorcet in Paris, a formative period that nurtured his literary inclinations.  

### Career and Works  
Verlaine began his literary career in 1858, publishing poetry marked by lyricism and emotional intensity. Key works include:  
- *Romances sans paroles* (1874), a collection influenced by his relationship with Rimbaud.  
- *Sagesse* (1880), reflecting his spiritual explorations.  
- *Jadis et Naguère* (1884), awarded the Mallarmé Prize, solidifying his reputation.  

### Symbolism and Collaboration  
A core figure in the Symbolist movement, Verlaine emphasized musicality and suggestion in poetry. His collaboration with Arthur Rimbaud (1871–1873), though marked by personal turmoil, produced groundbreaking works. Their time in England inspired Verlaine’s *Romances sans paroles*.  

### Legacy and Influence  
Verlaine’s poetry influenced global writers, including Bulgaria’s Geo Milev and Romania’s Păstorel Teodoreanu. His role in Symbolism paved the way for modernist poetry. Institutionally, his legacy is honored through Paul Verlaine University – Metz (1970–2012), a testament to his enduring impact on French culture.  

### Connections  
- **Arthur Rimbaud**: Poetic collaborator and romantic partner.  
- **Geo Milev**: Bulgarian writer influenced by Verlaine’s Symbolist style.  
- **Păstorel Teodoreanu**: Romanian poet reflecting Verlaine’s cross-cultural reach.  
- **Tom Verlaine**: American musician and indirect namesake, illustrating Verlaine’s cultural resonance.

## References

1. Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978)
2. Archivio Storico Ricordi
3. BnF authorities
4. Integrated Authority File
5. Czech National Authority Database
6. The Fine Art Archive
7. Library of the World's Best Literature
8. International Standard Name Identifier
9. CiNii Research
10. IMDb
11. MusicBrainz
12. [Source](https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-38165145)
13. [Source](https://archives.yvelines.fr/rechercher/archives-en-ligne/correspondances-du-musee-departemental-maurice-denis/correspondances-du-musee-maurice-denis)
14. Paul Verlaine. RKDartists
15. Benezit Dictionary of Artists
16. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
17. SNAC
18. Find a Grave
19. Discogs
20. Internet Speculative Fiction Database
21. NooSFere
22. BD Gest'
23. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
24. Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana
25. GeneaStar
26. Roglo
27. Babelio
28. Base biographique
29. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
30. Virtual International Authority File
31. [Source](http://digitale.beic.it/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?fn=search&vid=BEIC&vl%283134987UI0%29=creator&vl%28freeText0%29=Verlaine%20Paul)
32. [Source](https://www.bartleby.com/library/bios/index16.html)
33. CONOR.SI
34. Autoritats UB
35. Treccani's Enciclopedia on line
36. Enciclopedia Treccani
37. Great Norwegian Encyclopedia
38. LIBRIS. 2012
39. [Chimère (1891-1893)](https://www.revues-litteraires.com/articles.php?lng=fr&pg=3284)
40. Virtual Study of Theatre Institute
41. Bibliography of the History of the Czech Lands
42. Provenio
43. Catalogo of the National Library of India