# PARI/GP

> computer algebra system

**Wikidata**: [Q3359573](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3359573)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PARI/GP)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/pari-gp

## Summary
PARI/GP is a free, open-source computer algebra system and accompanying programming language (GP) for mathematical computation. First created in 1985 and developed by Henri Cohen, PARI/GP is distributed under the GNU General Public License and is available from its official site and public source repository.

## Key Facts
- PARI/GP is a computer algebra system and a programming language (GP) for mathematical computation; it is also distributed as free software and a software library.  
- The project was created in 1985 and is developed by Henri Cohen.  
- License: GNU General Public License.  
- Official website: https://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/ (English).  
- Source code repository (git): http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/git/pari.git.  
- Readable and writable file format: gp script.  
- Named after: Pascal's Wager.  
- Notable stable releases include 2.11.0 (stable, released 2018-07-18/19), 2.11.3 (stable, 2020-03-03), 2.11.4 (stable, 2020-04-17), 2.13.0 (stable, 2020-10-19), 2.13.1 (stable, 2021-01-25), and 2.15.2 (stable, 2022-12-31). An alpha release 2.12.0 was published 2019-06-03.  
- PARI/GP has wide packaging and port availability (examples: aur_package pari25, pari-git; freebsd math/pari; openbsd math/pari; gentoo sci-mathematics/pari; arch_linux pari; homebrew formula pari).  
- Award: received the Open Science Award for Open Source Research Software (point in time: 2024).

## FAQs
### Q: What is PARI/GP used for?
A: PARI/GP is used as a computer algebra system and programming environment for mathematical computations; it provides the GP scripting format for readable and writable scripts.

### Q: Is PARI/GP free to use and modify?
A: Yes. PARI/GP is distributed under the GNU General Public License, making it free software.

### Q: Where can I get the source code or binaries?
A: The official project website https://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/ provides downloads and information, and the source code is available from the public git repository at http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/git/pari.git.

### Q: Who develops PARI/GP?
A: The project is developed by Henri Cohen (as listed in the project metadata).

## Why It Matters
PARI/GP has been an established toolkit for mathematical computation since 1985. Its combination of a focused computer algebra system, a dedicated scripting language (GP), and a software library makes it a practical resource for researchers and developers who need reproducible, scriptable numeric and symbolic calculations. As free software under the GNU GPL, PARI/GP is packaged across many operating systems and distributions, easing installation and integration into research workflows. The project’s long history of stable releases and an accessible public git repository support ongoing maintenance and contributions. Recognition such as the Open Science Award for Open Source Research Software (2024) highlights PARI/GP’s role in open research software ecosystems. Its gp script format and broad packaging make it a common choice where portable, script-based mathematical computation is required.

## Notable For
- Being both a computer algebra system and a dedicated programming language (GP) with a readable/writable "gp script" format.  
- Longstanding project history, with inception in 1985 and continuous releases (examples: stable releases from 2018 through 2022).  
- Distributed under the GNU General Public License and widely packaged across major operating systems and distributions (FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Gentoo, Arch Linux, Homebrew, AUR, etc.).  
- Public source code repository available via git at http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/git/pari.git.  
- Recipient of the Open Science Award for Open Source Research Software (point in time: 2024).

## Body

### Overview
- PARI/GP is described in project metadata as a computer algebra system, a programming language, free software, and a software library.  
- The system uses "gp script" as its readable and writable file format.

### History and Versions
- Inception: 1985.  
- Listed versions and dates (selection from project records):
  - 2.9.5 (listed version).  
  - 2.11.0 — stable version, qualifiers indicate 2018-07-18 (announcement published 2018-07-19).  
  - 2.11.1 — stable version, qualifier date 2018-12-01.  
  - 2.11.2 — stable version, qualifier date 2019-05-12.  
  - 2.12.0 — alpha version, qualifier date 2019-06-03.  
  - 2.11.3 — stable version, qualifier date 2020-03-03.  
  - 2.11.4 — stable version, qualifier date 2020-04-17.  
  - 2.13.0 — stable version, qualifier date 2020-10-19.  
  - 2.13.1 — stable version, qualifier date 2021-01-25.  
  - 2.15.2 — stable version, qualifier date 2022-12-31.

### Licensing and Development
- License: GNU General Public License.  
- Primary developer named in project metadata: Henri Cohen.  
- Source code repository: accessible via git at http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/git/pari.git.

### Distribution and Packaging
- Packages and ports exist across multiple platforms and distributions, for example:
  - AUR: pari25, pari-git.  
  - FreeBSD port: math/pari.  
  - OpenBSD port: math/pari.  
  - Gentoo package: sci-mathematics/pari.  
  - Arch Linux package: pari.  
  - Homebrew formula: pari.  
  - MacPorts: pari.  
  - NetBSD packages: math/pari, math/pari23.  
  - openSUSE package name: gp2c.  
  - SlackBuilds: academic/pari.  
  - Repology project name: pari.

### File Formats and Interfaces
- Readable/writable file format: gp script (documented on the official site).  
- Common project media: logo (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PARI-GP_logo.svg) and example image (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PARI-GP-Windows-XP.png).

### Recognition
- Award: Open Science Award for Open Source Research Software (point in time: 2024), referenced by project materials.

### Metadata and Identifiers
- Named after: Pascal's Wager.  
- Freebase ID: /m/025yw28.  
- Open Hub project ID: pari-gp.  
- Sitelenk count in metadata: 7; Wikipedia title: PARI/GP; Wikimedia Commons category: PARI/GP.

## References

1. [Remise des prix science ouverte du logiciel libre de la recherche 2024. 2024](https://www.ouvrirlascience.fr/remise-des-prix-science-ouverte-du-logiciel-libre-de-la-recherche-2024/)
2. [pari-2.11.0 (STABLE) released !. 2018](http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/archives/pari-announce-18/msg00006.html)
3. [Source](http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/archives/pari-announce-19/msg00000.html)
4. [Source](http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/archives/pari-announce-19/msg00002.html)
5. [pari-2.11.3(STABLE) released. 2020](http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/archives/pari-announce-20/msg00000.html)
6. [pari-2.11.4 (STABLE) released. 2020](http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/archives/pari-announce-20/msg00003.html)
7. [Source](http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/archives/pari-announce-20/msg00006.html)
8. [Source](http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/download.html)
9. [Source](https://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/archives/pari-announce-22/msg00004.html)
10. [pari-2.15.3 (STABLE) released. 2023](https://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/archives/pari-announce-23/msg00001.html)
11. [Source](http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/pub/pari/unix/pari-2.15.3.changelog)
12. [pari-2.15.4 (STABLE) released](https://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/archives/pari-announce-23/msg00002.html)
13. [pari-2.15.5 (STABLE) released](https://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/archives/pari-announce-24/msg00000.html)
14. [pari-2.17.1 (STABLE) released](https://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/archives/pari-announce-24/msg00006.html)
15. [pari-2.17.2 (STABLE) released. 2025](https://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/archives/pari-announce-25/msg00001.html)
16. [Source](https://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/archives/pari-announce-25/msg00004.html)
17. [Source](http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/doc.html)
18. [Source](http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/anongit.html)