# Pardus

> Linux distribution

**Wikidata**: [Q1325811](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1325811)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardus_(operating_system))  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/pardus

## Summary
Pardus is a Linux distribution developed by TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey). Integrated with the Xfce desktop environment, it is an open-source operating system licensed under the GNU General Public License. The project, which originated in Turkey in 2005, is designed to be usable in both Turkish and English.

## Key Facts
- **Classification:** Linux distribution (instance of Linux distribution).
- **Developer:** TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey).
- **Origin:** Turkey.
- **Initial Release:** Inception in 2005.
- **License:** GNU General Public License.
- **Desktop Environment:** Xfce (GUI toolkit/framework).
- **Website:** https://www.pardus.org.tr/en/ (Available in Turkish and English).
- **Latest Versions:** Recent stable releases include version 23.2 (released July 16, 2024) and version 23.3 (released December 9, 2024).
- **Aliases:** Also known as Eopkg and Pardus-Linux.

## FAQs
### Q: Who develops and maintains Pardus?
A: Pardus is developed by TÜBİTAK, the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. It serves as a national operating system project originating from Turkey.

### Q: Is Pardus free to use?
A: Yes, Pardus is licensed under the GNU General Public License. It is an open-source operating system that users can freely download, use, and modify.

### Q: What desktop environment does Pardus use?
A: According to project data, Pardus utilizes the Xfce framework as its GUI toolkit/desktop environment.

### Q: What are the most recent versions of Pardus?
A: As of late 2024, the distribution has seen rapid updates, including version 23.1 (Jan 2024), version 23.2 (July 2024), and version 23.3 (December 2024).

## Why It Matters
Pardus represents a significant effort in national digital sovereignty and open-source adoption within Turkey. Developed by TÜBİTAK, a prominent research council, it aims to provide a free, secure, and localized operating system alternative to proprietary software for public administration and general users. Its longevity—spanning from 2005 to present day (2024)—demonstrates a sustained commitment to the Linux ecosystem. By offering robust support for the Turkish language while maintaining English capabilities, Pardus lowers the barrier to entry for Linux users in its region. The distribution's evolution through various versions, culminating in the recent 23.x series, highlights its active maintenance and relevance in the modern OS landscape.

## Notable For
- **National Origin:** Being a Linux distribution developed specifically by a Turkish state research institution (TÜBİTAK).
- **Active Development:** Maintaining a steady release cycle from 2005 through 2024, with multiple updates released in 2023 and 2024 alone.
- **Localization:** Prioritizing Turkish and English language support in its official distribution.
- **Corporate & Community Use:** Releasing specific "Corporate" editions (e.g., 2013) alongside standard stable versions for broader use.
- **Open Standards:** Operating strictly under the GNU General Public License to ensure software freedom.

## Body
### Development and Origin
Pardus is a Linux distribution created in Turkey. The project has an inception date of 2005 and is actively developed by TÜBİTAK. It is categorized as an instance of a "Linux distribution," relying on the Linux kernel. The distribution is described as Debian-based, as noted in external descriptions linked to the project.

### Technical Specifications
The operating system is built using the **Xfce** GUI toolkit/framework. It is distinct from other distributions through its specific aliases, including **Eopkg** and **Pardus-Linux**. The software is fully licensed under the **GNU General Public License**, ensuring it remains free and open-source. The official website provides resources in both Turkish and English.

### Release History
Pardus has undergone numerous updates since its inception. Key historical and recent milestones include:
- **2013:** Release of Pardus Linux 2013 "Corporate" (referenced as version 1892 in some data points).
- **2018:** Version 17.4 released on November 3.
- **2019:** Version 17.5 released on March 4; Version 19 released on August 3.
- **2022:** Version 21.3 released on July 21.
- **2023:** Version 21.5 released in May; Version 23.0 released on August 30.
- **2024:** The distribution saw three stable releases in this year: Version 23.1 (Jan 17), Version 23.2 (July 16), and Version 23.3 (Dec 9).

### Online Presence
The project maintains an active online footprint. It hosts an official website at `pardus.org.tr` and maintains a presence on GitHub (`Pardus-Linux`), LinkedIn (`pardus`), and Reddit (`r/pardusos`). It is also tracked on Distrowatch under the ID `pardus`.

## References

1. [Distribution Release: Pardus Linux 2013 "Corporate"](http://distrowatch.com/?newsid=07780)
2. [Pardus 17.4 Sürümü Yayınlandı](https://www.pardus.org.tr/duyurular/pardus-17-4-surumu-yayinlandi/)
3. [Source](https://www.pardus.org.tr/en/pardus-19-0-release-note/)
4. [Source](https://www.pardus.org.tr/en/pardus-21-3-changelog/)
5. [Pardus 21.5 Changelog. 2023](https://www.pardus.org.tr/en/pardus-21-5-changelog/)
6. [Pardus 23.0 Sürümü Yayımlandı. 2023](https://www.pardus.org.tr/duyurular/pardus-23-0-surumu-yayimlandi/)
7. [Pardus 23.1 Sürümü Yayımlandı. 2024](https://www.pardus.org.tr/duyurular/pardus-23-1-surumu-yayimlandi/)
8. [Source](https://www.pardus.org.tr/duyurular/pardus-23-2-surumu-yayimlandi)
9. [Source](https://pardus.org.tr/pardus-23-3-surumu-yayimlandi/)
10. [Pardus 25 BİLGE Yayımlandı!](https://gonullu.pardus.org.tr/pardus-25-bilge-yayimlandi/)
11. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013