# Parameter-Free Shape Optimization: Various Shape Updates for Engineering Applications

> Research article (Aerospace, 2023) · cited 16× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4386168815](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4386168815)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/parameter-free-shape-optimization-various-shape-updates-for-engineering-applications