# Palau

> island sovereign state in Oceania

**Wikidata**: [Q695](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q695)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palau)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/palau

## Summary

Palau is a country established on October 1, 1994. It uses the United States dollar as its currency. The nation recognizes three official languages: English, Palauan, and Japanese.Palau has a population of approximately 22,000 as of 2017[1]. Its total area spans 465.6 square kilometers. The country operates in two time zones: UTC+09:00 and Pacific/Palau[2].

## Summary
Palau is an island sovereign state located in the western Pacific Ocean, part of the region of Micronesia in Oceania. It gained full independence on October 1, 1994, and its capital is Ngerulmud, a status it has held since 2006.

## Key Facts
*   **Classification:** Sovereign state, island country, republic.
*   **Area:** 465.55 square kilometres.
*   **Capital:** Ngerulmud (since October 7, 2006); previously Koror (until October 6, 2006).
*   **Independence:** October 1, 1994 (from the United Nations Trust Territory under the United States).
*   **Population:** Estimated at 20,729 in 2017 (preferred value); detailed annual census data available from 1960 (9,638) to 2022 (18,052).
*   **Official Languages:** English and Palauan. Japanese is also official on the island of Angaur.
*   **Currency:** United States dollar (USD).
*   **ISO Codes:** Alpha-2: PW; Alpha-3: PLW; Numeric: 585.
*   **Internet Top-Level Domain:** .pw.
*   **Timezone:** UTC+09:00 (Pacific/Palau).
*   **Coordinates:** Approximately 7.466667°N, 134.55°E.
*   **Government:** Republic with a President as both head of state and head of government.
*   **Current Head of State & Government:** Surangel Whipps Jr. (since January 21, 2021).
*   **Legislative Body:** Palau National Congress (bicameral).
*   **Highest Point:** Mount Ngerchelchuus.
*   **Lowest Point:** Pacific Ocean (0 m).
*   **Foundational Texts:** Constitution of Palau, Compact of Free Association with the United States.
*   **Membership:** United Nations (since December 15, 1994), World Health Organization, UNESCO, Asian Development Bank, and others.
*   **Borders:** Shares maritime borders with the Federated States of Micronesia, Indonesia, and the Philippines.
*   **Administrative Divisions:** 16 states including Aimeliik, Airai, Angaur, Koror, Peleliu, and Sonsorol.
*   **Demonyms:** Palauan, Palaui, Belau (and various forms in other languages).
*   **Aliases:** Republic of Palau, Belau, Pelew, Republic of Belau, Pelew islands, and numerous translations.
*   **Flag:** Flag of Palau.
*   **Anthem:** "Belau rekid".
*   **Motto (tourism slogan):** "Pristine Paradise Palau".
*   **Emergency Phone Number:** 911.
*   **Telephone Country Code:** +680.
*   **Driving Side:** Right.
*   **Mains Voltage:** 120V, 60Hz (NEMA 1-15 and NEMA 5-15 plug types).
*   **Human Development Index (HDI):** 0.767 in 2021 (preferred value), with a series from 2000 (0.740) to 2021.
*   **Total Fertility Rate:** 2.02 (2005 estimate).
*   **Birth/Death Rates (per 1,000):** Series available from 2019 (birth: 11.2, death: 10.2) to 2022 (birth: 8.8, death: 11.4).
*   **Urban/Rural Population (2022):** Urban 14,797; Rural 3,258.
*   **Male/Female Population (2022):** Male 9,376; Female 8,679.
*   **Nominal GDP (2021):** $217,800,000 USD.
*   **National Archive:** Palau National Archive.
*   **Coat of Arms:** Seal of Palau.

## FAQs
**What is the political status and history of Palau?**
Palau is a sovereign republic that achieved full independence on October 1, 1994, after being part of the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands administered by the United States. Its constitutional government operates under a compact of free association with the U.S., which governs defense and certain economic matters.

**What are the official languages and where is the capital?**
The official languages are English and Palauan. Japanese is also an official language on the island state of Angaur. The capital city is Ngerulmud, located in the state of Melekeok, which replaced Koror as the capital on October 7, 2006.

**What is the population trend and demographic structure?**
Palau's population has grown steadily from 9,638 in 1960 to an estimated 20,729 in 2017. Recent data shows a slight majority female population (8,679 female vs. 9,376 male in 2022) and a gradual shift towards urbanization, with the urban population (14,797) significantly outnumbering the rural population (3,258) in 2022.

**Which international organizations is Palau a member of?**
Palau is a member of the United Nations (since 1994) and participates in numerous specialized agencies and international bodies, including the World Health Organization (WHO), UNESCO, the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), and the World Customs Organization (WCO). It is also a member of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) and the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS).

**What are Palau's key geographic features?**
Palau is an archipelago consisting of approximately 340 islands. It has a total area of 465.55 km². Its highest point is Mount Ngerchelchuus, and its lowest point is sea level at the Pacific Ocean. The country's coordinates are centered around 7.466667°N, 134.55°E. It shares maritime borders with the Federated States of Micronesia, Indonesia, and the Philippines.

## Why It Matters
Palau is a critical case study in post-colonial state-building, environmental stewardship, and the geopolitical dynamics of the Pacific. Its 2015 establishment of the Palau National Marine Sanctuary—one of the world's largest—set a precedent for marine conservation and sustainable tourism, directly protecting 80% of its exclusive economic zone. Strategically, its Compact of Free Association with the United States makes it a key partner in a region of growing great power interest. Economically, its history as a tax haven and subsequent inclusion on and removal from the European Union's blacklist highlights the challenges small island states face in global financial regulation. Culturally, it preserves unique Micronesian traditions and languages while navigating the pressures of globalization.

## Notable For
*   **Marine Conservation Pioneer:** Created one of the world's largest marine protected areas in 2015.
*   **Unique Natural Attraction:** Home to Jellyfish Lake, a famous marine lake with millions of golden jellyfish.
*   **Recent Capital:** Its capital, Ngerulmud, is one of the world's newest national capitals (established 2006).
*   **Tax Haven History:** Was listed on the European Union's tax haven blacklist from 2018 to 2020.
*   **Compact of Free Association:** Its unique political relationship with the United States, granting it sovereignty while relying on the U.S. for defense.
*   **Diverse Demonyms:** Has a wide array of demonym forms across many languages, including "Palauan," "Belau," and "Palaois."
*   **High HDI for Region:** Maintains a relatively high Human Development Index (0.767 in 2021) for a small Pacific island nation.
*   **Distinct Flag and Anthem:** Its light blue field with a golden disk flag is iconic; its anthem is "Belau rekid."

## Body

### Geography and Environment
Palau is an archipelagic state in the western Pacific Ocean, geographically part of Micronesia. Its total land area is 465.55 square kilometres. The country's approximate centroid coordinates are 7.466667°N latitude and 134.55°E longitude. It comprises approximately 340 islands, which are grouped into several clusters. The highest terrestrial point is Mount Ngerchelchuus. The lowest point is the surface of the Pacific Ocean at 0 meters. The country's easternmost point is at approximately 8.077°N, 134.699°E, and its westernmost point is on Hatohobei at approximately 3.0058°N, 131.1239°E. The northernmost point is at 8.17°N, 134.63°E, and the southernmost point is on Helen Reef at approximately 2.95°N, 131.7833°E. Palau is located in the Pacific Ocean and shares maritime borders with the Federated States of Micronesia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. It has a tropical climate. Temperature records include a maximum of 35°C in Koror (March 22, 2018) and a minimum of 18.9°C.

### History and Governance
Palau's modern political history is defined by its transition from a United Nations Trust Territory to independence. It gained full sovereignty on **October 1, 1994**, following the approval of a Compact of Free Association with the United States. An earlier period of autonomy began on **January 1, 1981**. The foundational legal documents are the **Constitution of Palau** and the **Compact of Free Association**. Palau is a **republic** and a **sovereign state**. Its government is headed by a President who serves as both head of state and head of government. The **executive body** is the **Government of Palau**. The **legislative body** is the bicameral **Palau National Congress**. The **highest judicial authority** is the **Supreme Court of Palau**.

**Heads of State/Government:**
*   **Surangel Whipps Jr.** (incumbent since January 21, 2021).
*   **Thomas Remengesau Jr.** (served two terms: January 17, 2013 – January 17, 2021; and January 1, 2001 – January 15, 2009).

The capital was moved from **Koror** to **Ngerulmud** on **October 7, 2006**. **Koror** remains the most populous urban area and former capital.

### Demographics
Palau's population has shown a long-term growth trend from 9,638 in 1960 to a **preferred estimated value of 20,729 in 2017**. Detailed annual census figures are available from 1960 through 2022, showing fluctuations and overall increase. In 2022, the total population was 18,052, consisting of 9,376 males and 8,679 females. The population is increasingly urban, with **urban residents numbering 14,797** compared to **3,258 rural residents** in 2022.

**Vital Statistics (per 1,000 people):**
*   **Birth Rate:** 8.8 (2022), down from 11.2 (2019).
*   **Death Rate:** 11.4 (2022), up from 10.2 (2019).
*   **Total Fertility Rate:** 2.02 (2005 estimate).
*   **Life Expectancy:** Approximately 69.13 years (2005, preferred value); series available from 2000 (70.49 years).

The **marriageable age** is 18 for males and 16 for females. **Compulsory education** has a maximum age of 14.

### Economy
Palau's economy is small and heavily reliant on U.S. financial assistance under the Compact of Free Association, tourism, and fishing. Its **nominal GDP** was **$217,800,000 USD in 2021**. The **currency** is the **United States dollar (USD)**. The **Human Development Index (HDI)** has gradually increased from 0.740 in 2000 to a **preferred value of 0.767 in 2021**. Palau was listed on the **European Union tax haven blacklist** from February 18, 2020, to February 10, 2018 (with a point-in-time listing on February 27, 2020).

### International Relations and Memberships
Palau is a member of the **United Nations** (since December 15, 1994) and numerous UN specialized agencies and international organizations. Membership start dates include:
*   **International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD):** December 16, 1997.
*   **International Development Association (IDA):** December 16, 1997.
*   **International Finance Corporation (IFC):** December 16, 1997.
*   **Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA):** December 16, 1997.
*   **Asian Development Bank (ADB):** 2003.
*   **Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW):** March 5, 2003.
*   **UNESCO:** September 20, 1999.
*   **World Customs Organization (WCO):** February 2, 2024.
Palau is also a member of the **Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS)**, the **Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS)**, and a party to the **Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons**.

**Diplomatic Relations:** Palau maintains formal relations with several countries, including **Australia**, the **Federated States of Micronesia**, the **Marshall Islands**, **Taiwan**, the **Philippines**, the **United States**, and **Germany**.

### Culture and Society
The **official languages** are **English** and **Palauan**. **Japanese** is also official on the island of **Angaur**. Other local languages include **Sonsorolese** and **Tobian**. The **national anthem** is **"Belau rekid"**. The **tourism slogan** is **"Pristine Paradise Palau"**. The **native name** is **"Belau"** or **"Republic of Palau"**. The **official name** in various languages includes "la République des Palaos" (French) and "帛琉共和國" (Traditional Chinese). The **demonym** is **Palauan** (with many linguistic variants listed, such as بالاوي, Palaois, Palavčan). The **coat of arms** is the **Seal of Palau**. The **flag** features a light blue field with a golden disk slightly off-center. The **unicode character** for the national flag is 🇵🇼.

### Administrative Divisions
Palau is divided into **16 states**:
Aimeliik, Airai, Angaur, Hatohobei, Kayangel, Koror, Melekeok, Ngaraard, Ngarchelong, Ngardmau, Ngeremlengui, Ngatpang, Ngchesar, Ngiwal, Peleliu, Sonsorol.

### Infrastructure and Technical Details
*   **Top-Level Internet Domain:** `.pw`.
*   **Telephone Country Code:** `+680`.
*   **Mobile Country Code:** `552`.
*   **Emergency Number:** `911`.
*   **Driving Side:** Right-hand traffic.
*   **Mains Electricity:** 120 volts, 60 Hz, using **NEMA 1-15** and **NEMA 5-15** plug types.
*   **IANA Time Zone:** `Pacific/Palau` (UTC+09:00).
*   **ISO 3166-1 Codes:** Alpha-2 `PW`, Alpha-3 `PLW`, Numeric `585`.
*   **FIPS Codes:** FIPS 5-2 alpha `PW`, FIPS 5-2 numeric `70`, FIPS 10-4 `PS`.
*   **ITU/ISO/IEC Object ID:** `2.16.585`.
*   **Maritime Identification Digits (MID):** `511`.
*   **OpenStreetMap:** Relation ID `571805`, Node ID `1511934680`, zoom level `8`.
*   **GeoNames ID:** `1559582`.
*   **GeoNames Gazetteer ID (OBO):** `00006905`.
*   **National Library of Ireland ID:** `vtls001150266`.
*   **Library of Congress Authority ID:** `n81107795`.
*   **Bibliothèque nationale de France ID:** `11994064x`, `17069166r`, `15360069k`.
*   **National Library of Israel J9U ID:** `987007555018105171`.
*   **U.S. National Archives Identifier:** `10044689`.
*   **Australian War Memorial ID:** `PL1817`.
*   **National Historical Museums of Sweden ID:** `geo/5F9893EF-C8B3-4581-B4A7-3BB27CCE3843`.
*   **WorldCat Entities ID:** `E39PBJxMjXCX3RQCFG4mVd3fbd`.
*   **Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names ID:** `7005668`.
*   **British Museum Person/Institution ID:** `204348`.
*   **Invasive Species Compendium Datasheet ID:** `108543`.
*   **OpenStreetMap Relation ID:** `571805`.
*   **Permanent Duplicated Wikidata Item:** `Q27103547`.
*   **Wolfram Language Entity Code:** `Entity["Concept", "RepublicOfPalau::62yw5"]`, `Entity["HistoricalCountry", "Palau"]`.
*   **Data Commons ID:** `country/PLW`.
*   **GNIS Feature ID:** `1779814`.
*   **Who's On First ID:** `85632331`.
*   **UN/LOCODE:** `PW`.
*   **UNDP Country Code:** `TTP`.
*   **IOC Country Code:** `PLW`.
*   **FIFA Country Code:** Not listed, but implied by other sports codes.
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## References

1. [Source](https://www.workwithdata.com/place/palau)
2. Virtual International Authority File
3. [Source](https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/eu-list-of-non-cooperative-jurisdictions/)
4. [Source](https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/eu-list-of-non-cooperative-jurisdictions/timeline-eu-list-of-non-cooperative-jurisdictions/)
5. OpenStreetMap
6. [Source](https://data.iana.org/time-zones/tzdb-2021e/australasia)
7. [Source](https://lingualibre.org/wiki/Q679310)
8. [Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons](https://www.opcw.org/about-opcw/member-states/)
9. [Source](https://www.opcw.org/about-us/member-states/palau)
10. [Source](http://www.unesco.org/eri/cp/ListeMS_Indicators.asp)
11. [Source](https://www.who.int/choice/demography/by_country/en/)
12. [Source](https://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/about-us/wco-members/list-of-members-with-membership-date.pdf)
13. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
14. FIPS 10-4
15. MusicBrainz
16. [Human Development Report. 2022](https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI)
17. World Bank Open Data
18. [World Bank Open Data](https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL)
19. [Source](http://cnig.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/CNT-PVM_r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9_2020-01-27-1.pdf)
20. [Source](https://www.boca.gov.tw/sp-foof-countrycp-03-7-21341-01-1.html)
21. [Palau](https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/palau/)
22. [Source](https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/freedom-world-2017)
23. [Source](http://chartsbin.com/view/edr)
24. [World Bank](https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD)
25. [UNESCO Institute for Statistics](http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=DEMO_DS)
26. [UNESCO Institute for Statistics](http://data.uis.unesco.org/index.aspx?queryid=3372)
27. BabelNet
28. [World Plugs](http://www.iec.ch/worldplugs/list_bylocation.htm)
29. English as a Global Language, second edition
30. [Source](https://countrycodebase.com/undp/)
31. [UNESCO Institute for Statistics](http://data.uis.unesco.org/index.aspx?queryid=239)
32. [archINFORM](https://www.archinform.net/service/wd_aiort.php)
33. [Gazetteer](https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/gaz/blob/master/src/ontology/gaz_countries.csv)
34. iNaturalist
35. FactGrid
36. KBpedia
37. [PALAU latest news & coverage](https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/topic/palau)