# Orel

> Russian reusable space capsule

**Wikidata**: [Q923623](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q923623)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orel_(spacecraft))  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/orel

## Summary
Orel is a Russian reusable space capsule developed as a prospective crewed spacecraft. It is designed to be reused and represents a modular vehicle for human spaceflight.

## Key Facts
- Orel is a mass-reconfigurable spacecraft with a takeoff mass of 17,000 kg and a dry weight of 14,000 kg.
- The capsule is manufactured by S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia.
- Orel is operated by Roscosmos State Corporation.
- It is classified as a space capsule, crewed spacecraft, and reusable spacecraft.
- Key aliases include Oryol, PTK NP, Federation, Prospective Piloted Transport System (PPTS), and Русь.
- It has 23 sitelinks across various Wikipedia language editions.
- The capsule has an internal volume of 33 cubic metres.

## FAQs
### Q: What is the primary purpose of the Orel spacecraft?
A: Orel is designed as a reusable crewed spacecraft, intended for transporting astronauts to destinations like the International Space Station and potentially lunar orbit.

### Q: How is Orel different from the Soyuz capsule?
A: Unlike Soyuz, Orel is specifically designed for reusability and features a larger internal volume (33 m³) and mass-reconfigurable design, enabling it to support different mission profiles.

### Q: What is the current status of the Orel project?
A: Orel remains a prospective or proposed vehicle model; its development and operational timeline are not detailed in the provided source material.

## Why It Matters
Orel is significant as Russia's answer to the need for a next-generation, reusable human spaceflight system. By prioritizing reusability and a multi-role design (capable of supporting both ISS and lunar missions), Orel aims to reduce long-term costs and increase Russia's independent access to low-Earth orbit and beyond. Its development represents a strategic shift towards more sustainable space exploration capabilities, directly competing with concepts like NASA's Orion and commercial alternatives. If realized, it would enhance Russia's position in international human spaceflight partnerships.

## Notable For
- Being Russia's designated next-generation reusable crewed spacecraft.
- Its designation as the "Prospective Piloted Transport System" (PPTS) and alternative name "Federation".
- High reusability potential compared to traditional single-use capsules.
- Large internal volume (33 m³) designed for extended missions or cargo.
- Development by S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia, the primary Russian human spaceflight contractor.

## Body
### Specifications
*   **Mass:** 17,000 kg (takeoff mass), 14,000 kg (dry weight).
*   **Volume:** 33 cubic metres.
*   **Operator:** Roscosmos State Corporation.
*   **Manufacturer:** S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia.
*   **Class Instance:** Vehicle model.
*   **Classes:** Space capsule, Crewed spacecraft, Reusable spacecraft.

### Development & Naming
*   Orel (Орёл) is the Russian name, meaning "Eagle".
*   Other significant designations include PTK NP (ПТК НП), Prospective Piloted Transport System (Перспективная пилотируемая транспортная система, ППТС), Federation (Федерация), and Русь (Rus).
*   It is also known by the English name Orel and the Chinese name 奥勒尔宇宙飞船.
*   The project is referenced in academic sources by its Freebase ID: /m/05q4ml9.

### Information Presence
*   **Wikipedia:** Has an article titled "Orel (spacecraft)" across at least 11 languages (an, ar, bg, bn, ca, cs, de, en, es), plus a Commons category.
*   **Media:** An image exists on Wikimedia Commons depicting a model displayed at MAKS 2013.
*   **Sitelinks:** Accumulates 23 sitelinks across Wikipedia language editions.

### Geographic Origin (Note: Provided institutions are unrelated to spacecraft development)
*   Associated geographically with institutions in Zhilina and Oryol, Russia (Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding & Oryol State Agrarian University). No direct link to these institutions' functions is provided in the source material.

```json
{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Thing",
  "name": "Orel",
  "description": "Russian reusable space capsule",
  "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orel_(spacecraft)",
  "sameAs": [
    "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206855"
  ],
  "additionalType": "space capsule",
  "additionalType": "crewed spacecraft",
  "additionalType": "reusable spacecraft"
}

## References

1. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013