# Optimal Economic–Environmental Operation for AC-MTDC Grids by Improved Crow Search Algorithm

> Research article (IEEE Systems Journal, 2021) · cited 31× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W3168063253](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W3168063253)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/optimal-economicenvironmental-operation-for-ac-mtdc-grids-by-improved-crow-search-algorithm