# Optimal backstepping control for a ship using firefly optimization algorithm and disturbance observer

> Research article (Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, 2017) · cited 12× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W2600833796](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W2600833796)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/optimal-backstepping-control-for-a-ship-using-firefly-optimization-algorithm-and-disturbance-observer