# Opposition-based multi-objective ant colony optimization framework for sustainable retrofitting: time–cost–energy–risk trade-offs

> Research article (Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2025) · cited 12× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4408606955](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4408606955)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/opposition-based-multi-objective-ant-colony-optimization-framework-for-sustainable-retrofitting-timecostenergyrisk-trade