# On full-life-cycle SOC estimation for lithium batteries by a variable structure based fractional-order extended state observer

> Research article (Applied Energy, 2023) · cited 40× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4386364980](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4386364980)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/on-full-life-cycle-soc-estimation-for-lithium-batteries-by-a-variable-structure-based-fractional-order-extended-state-ob