# Olecko

> city of Poland

**Wikidata**: [Q950436](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q950436)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olecko)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/olecko

## Summary
Olecko is a city located in Poland within the continent of Europe, situated in the Gmina Olecko administrative region. Covering an area of 11.6 square kilometres, the city has a population of 16,076 according to the 2021 Polish census. It operates on Central European Time and is historically known by several former names, including Marggrabowa, Oletzko, and Treuburg.

## Key Facts
- **Location**: The city is located in Gmina Olecko, Poland, in Europe, with coordinates 54.0336°N, 22.5069°E.
- **Population**: The most recent preferred population figure is 16,076 as of March 31, 2021 (Polish census), consisting of 7,710 males and 8,366 females. An earlier estimation from December 31, 2020, recorded a population of 16,364.
- **Area**: The city covers a total area of 11.6 square kilometres.
- **Timezone**: Olecko observes Central European Time (UTC+01:00) during standard time and Central European Summer Time (UTC+02:00) during daylight saving time.
- **Postal Code**: The postal code for the city is 19-400.
- **Licence Plate**: The vehicle licence plate code for the city is NOE.
- **Historical Names**: The city has been officially named "Marggrabowa" (until 1928), "Treuburg" (1928–1945), "Margrabowa" (1946–1947), and "Olecko" (from 1947).
- **Identifiers**: The city holds the UN/LOCODE PLOLC, the TERC municipality code 2813044, and the SIMC place ID 0977798.
- **External IDs**: It is identified by the GND ID 5057929-0 (preferred), VIAF ID 143512149, Geonames ID 763291, and Freebase ID /m/02rwk2.

## FAQs
**What former names has the city held throughout its history?**
The city has been known by several names depending on the historical period: Marggrabowa (starting in 1560 until 1928), Treuburg (1928 to 1945), Margrabowa (1946 to 1947), and Oletzko. Since 1947, the official name has been Olecko.

**What is the demographic breakdown of the population?**
According to the 2021 Polish census, the city has a total population of 16,076, comprising 7,710 male residents and 8,366 female residents.

**Which cities is Olecko twinned with?**
Olecko maintains town twinning relationships with Kazlų Rūda, Leverkusen, Valmiera, Lepe, Marly, Drohobych (since 2005), Shchuchyn (since 1993), Vilkaviškis (since 1996), Jõhvi Rural Municipality (since 2006), and Güssing (since 2006).

**What administrative and geographic codes are associated with the city?**
The city uses the postal code 19-400 and the licence plate code NOE. It is identified by the UN/LOCODE PLOLC, the TERC municipality code 2813044, and the SIMC place ID 0977798.

## Why It Matters
Olecko serves as a significant urban settlement within the Gmina Olecko region of Poland. Its historical trajectory, marked by multiple name changes such as Marggrabowa and Treuburg, reflects the complex political shifts of the region from the 16th century through the post-World War II era. The city maintains an active international profile through its extensive network of ten twinned administrative bodies across Europe, fostering cross-border cooperation. Furthermore, it is documented in major bibliographic and geographic databases, including the Library of Congress and Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, underscoring its relevance as a recognized cultural and administrative entity.

## Notable For
- Possessing a distinct history of nomenclature, having changed its official name four times between 1928 and 1947.
- Maintaining a robust international sister city network with ten partnerships, including relationships dating back to 1993.
- Being the subject of an image archive at the Herder Institute and described by the 4th edition of Meyers Konversations-Lexikon (1885–1890).
- Hosting a local flag and coat of arms, symbolized by the files `POL_Olecko_flag.svg` and `POL_Olecko_COA.svg`.
- Having a Wikipedia presence in 32 different languages, indicating broad international documentation.

## Body

### Geography and Demographics
Olecko is classified as a city and is situated in Europe within the country of Poland. It is geographically positioned within Gmina Olecko. The city's precise coordinates are 54.033611111111114 latitude and 22.506944444444443 longitude. The total land area of the city measures 11.6 square kilometres.

Demographic data for Olecko is tracked through estimations and census records. A demographic balance estimate for the year 2000 recorded a population of 16,018. Subsequent estimates show fluctuations: 16,155 in 2005, 16,078 in 2010, 16,460 in 2015, and 16,422 in 2019. An estimation on December 31, 2020, placed the population at 16,364. The most authoritative figure comes from the Polish census of 2021, conducted on March 31, which recorded a population of 16,076 (preferred value). This census detailed a gender split of 7,710 males and 8,366 females.

### Historical Nomenclature
The city has undergone several official name changes throughout its history. Historical records indicate the following timeline for its official names:
- **Marggrabowa**: Used from 1560 until 1928.
- **Treuburg**: Adopted in 1928 and used until 1945.
- **Margrabowa**: Used briefly from 1946 to 1947.
- **Olecko**: The official name adopted in 1947 and currently in use.

Additional native labels and aliases associated with the city include "Oletzko," "Марграбова" (Margrabova), and "Тройбург" (Troyburg). The GND ID system reflects these changes, assigning the ID `116051-5` to "Marggrabowa" (1560–1928), `4106945-6` to "Treuburg" (1928–1945), and the preferred ID `5057929-0` to "Olecko" (from 1945).

### Administration and Infrastructure
The city operates under the Central European Time (UTC+01:00) for standard time and Central European Summer Time (UTC+02:00) for daylight saving time. Administrative identifiers for Olecko include:
- **Postal Code**: 19-400
- **Licence Plate Code**: NOE
- **TERC Municipality Code**: 2813044
- **SIMC Place ID**: 0977798
- **UN/LOCODE**: PLOLC

The city maintains an official website at `http://www.olecko.pl`, which is available in the Polish language. It is distinct from, but located within, the administrative region of Gmina Olecko.

### International Relations
Olecko is twinned with several administrative bodies across Europe. These partnerships include:
- **Shchuchyn**: Twinned since 1993.
- **Vilkaviškis**: Twinned since 1996.
- **Drohobych**: Twinned since January 12, 2005.
- **Jõhvi Rural Municipality**: Twinned since 2006.
- **Güssing**: Twinned since 2006.
- Other twinned locations include Kazlų Rūda, Leverkusen, Valmiera, Lepe, and Marly.

### Cultural and Academic Documentation
Olecko is documented in various academic and library authorities. It is described by the 4th edition of Meyers Konversations-Lexikon (1885–1890) and the source identified as Q19230677. The city holds a Library of Congress Authority ID `nr92024986` and a National Library of Israel J9U ID `987007540369005171`.

Visual documentation of the city includes a main image (`Olecko_-_rynek.jpg`), a flag image (`POL_Olecko_flag.svg`), and a coat of arms image (`POL_Olecko_COA.svg`). The city is also the subject of an image archive at the Herder Institute. The main category for the entity on Wikimedia Commons is "Category:Olecko," and a category exists for people born there ("Category:Births in Olecko"). The entity is linked to Annie Francé-Harrar via the FactGrid item ID.

### Digital Identifiers and Online Presence
The city possesses a wide array of digital and database identifiers:
- **Wikidata**: The entity has a sitelink count of 33 and is described as a "city of Poland."
- **Wikipedia**: The article "Olecko" exists in 32 languages, including English, German, Polish, Russian, and others.
- **Geonames ID**: 763291
- **Freebase ID**: /m/02rwk2
- **VIAF ID**: 143512149
- **SNARC ID**: 1219
- **Who's on First ID**: 101817767
- **Museum Digital Place ID**: 13101
- **NL CR AUT ID**: ge645755 (labeled "Olecko (Polsko)")
- **Yale LUX ID**: place/e7b7fcc1-f0d9-45fd-85a9-24a0bec38df2

## References

1. [Source](https://www.worlddata.info/europe/poland/timezones.php)
2. GeoNames
3. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
4. Czech National Authority Database
5. [Source](https://www.polskawliczbach.pl/Olecko)
6. [Source](https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/api/v1/data/localities/by-unit/042815513044-0977798?var-id=1639616&format=jsonapi)
7. [Source](https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/api/v1/data/localities/by-unit/042815513044-0977798?var-id=1639618&format=jsonapi)
8. [Source](https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/api/v1/data/localities/by-unit/042815513044-0977798?var-id=1639617&format=jsonapi)
9. [Source](https://service.unece.org/trade/locode/pl.htm)
10. National Library of Israel Names and Subjects Authority File
11. museum-digital