# Offloading Using Traditional Optimization and Machine Learning in Federated Cloud–Edge–Fog Systems: A Survey

> Research article (IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2023) · cited 173× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4319988680](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4319988680)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/offloading-using-traditional-optimization-and-machine-learning-in-federated-cloudedgefog-systems-a-survey