# Offline Energy-Optimal LLM Serving: Workload-Based Energy Models for LLM Inference on Heterogeneous Systems

> Research article (ACM SIGEnergy Energy Informatics Review, 2024) · cited 19× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4409537475](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4409537475)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/offline-energy-optimal-llm-serving-workload-based-energy-models-for-llm-inference-on-heterogeneous-systems