# Obstacle Avoidance for Trackless Rubber-Tired Vehicle Based on Risk-Grid Particle Swarm Optimization in Confined Space of Deep Well

> Research article (IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2023) · cited 12× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4367032503](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4367032503)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/obstacle-avoidance-for-trackless-rubber-tired-vehicle-based-on-risk-grid-particle-swarm-optimization-in-confined-space-o