# newspaper

> scheduled publication containing news of events, articles, features, editorials, and advertising; online, in print, or (usually) both

**Wikidata**: [Q11032](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11032)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaper)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/newspaper

## Summary
A newspaper is a scheduled publication that contains news of events, articles, features, editorials, and advertising. It is typically published on paper and distributed online, in print, or in both formats simultaneously. As a fundamental medium for mass communication, it is studied within the academic field of newspaper studies.

## Key Facts
- **Definition:** A scheduled publication containing news, features, editorials, and advertising.
- **Formats:** Distributed online, in print, or (usually) both.
- **Invention:** The time of discovery or invention for the newspaper is 1605.
- **Material:** Often uses paper as its material.
- **Classification:** Instance of a "product category"; subclass of "periodical," "goods," "printed press," "print-native publication," and "organization."
- **Structure:** Has parts including the column, opinion piece, editorial, and op-ed.
- **UNSPSC Code:** 55101504.
- **Dewey Decimal:** 070.
- **Unicode:** Represented by 📰 (Newspaper) and 🗞 (Rolled-up newspaper).
- **Academic Field:** Studied by "newspaper studies."
- **Etymology:** Named after concepts of "news," "day," "time," and "gazzetta."

## FAQs
**What are the main components of a newspaper?**
A newspaper consists of several key parts, specifically the column, opinion piece, editorial, and op-ed. These sections work together to present news, features, and advertising.

**How is a newspaper classified in information systems?**
It is classified as a "product category" and a subclass of "periodical," "goods," and "printed press." It also has an equivalent class in schema.org and DBpedia ontologies.

**What is the historical origin of the newspaper?**
The newspaper is historically linked to the year 1605 as its time of invention. The word itself is derived from terms meaning "news," "day," "time," and the Venetian coin "gazzetta."

**In what languages is the concept of a newspaper documented on Wikipedia?**
The topic is covered in Wikipedia in over 204 language editions, including English, Spanish, French, German, Chinese, Arabic, Japanese, Russian, and many others.

## Why It Matters
The newspaper is a cornerstone of global information dissemination, serving as a primary vehicle for journalism and public record. By providing a scheduled platform for news, editorials, and advertising, it facilitates the regular flow of information essential for civic engagement and commerce. Its inclusion in major ontologies like Schema.org and its status as a "Vital Article" on Wikipedia underscore its fundamental role in human knowledge and culture.

## Notable For
- Having a dedicated academic field, "newspaper studies."
- Being a scheduled publication with a documented invention date of 1605.
- Ubiquitous global coverage, with Wikipedia entries in 204 languages.
- Being defined as a "Vital Article" (Level 4) that all language editions of Wikipedia should have.
- Having a unique Unicode character (📰) for digital representation.
- Being cataloged under the Dewey Decimal system as 070.

## Body

### Classification and Ontology
The newspaper is formally defined as a scheduled publication and is categorized as an instance of a "product category." It falls under a broad hierarchy of subclasses, including "periodical," "goods," "printed press," "print-native publication," and "organization." It is distinguished from "La gazzetta," though named in part after it. In semantic web ontologies, it has an equivalent class in DBpedia (`http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Newspaper`), Schema.org, and BiblioGraph.net.

### Structure and Content
A newspaper's content is structured into specific parts. The primary structural unit is the "column," which hosts various types of content including opinion pieces, editorials, and op-eds. The content itself is defined as containing news of events, articles, features, editorials, and advertising. While historically print-native, it is now typically published in both print and online formats.

### Material and Characteristics
The primary material used for newspapers is paper, a characteristic noted as occurring "often." The publication type is associated with the characteristic "newspaper genre," which acts as a metaclass. Visual representations of the entity are codified in Unicode as 📰 (Newspaper) and 🗞 (Rolled-up newspaper).

### Historical Context and Etymology
The invention of the newspaper is dated to 1605. The history of the topic is documented under "history of newspaper publishing." The term "newspaper" is linguistically derived from several roots: it is named after "news," "day," "time," and "gazzetta." The etymology reflects its function, linking it to the concept of a "journal" (day) and "Zeitung" (time).

### Global Identifiers and Cataloging
The entity is indexed in a vast array of international classification systems and library catalogs:
- **Universal Standards:** UNSPSC Code 55101504; Dewey Decimal 070.
- **Library Authorities:** Library of Congress Authority ID (sh85091588); Bibliothèque nationale de France ID (119406699); National Library of Israel J9u ID (987007563889305171).
- **Thesauri:** Eurovoc ID 4144; UNESCO Thesaurus (concept13023); Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID (300026656).
- **Medical and Scientific:** MeSH Descriptor ID (D009524); STW Thesaurus for Economics (13670-4).
- **Commercial:** Google Product Taxonomy ID (543540 - Media > Magazines & Newspapers > Newspapers).

### Digital and Community Presence
The concept of the newspaper has a significant digital footprint. It is a topic on Quora ("Newspapers") and has an archived JSTOR topic ID. It is covered in the Wikimedia ecosystem through a Commons Gallery and Category ("Newspapers") and is the subject of a Wikidata entry with 204 sitelinks. It is maintained by the "WikiProject Academic Journals" and is listed on the "Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have."

### Encyclopedic Coverage
The newspaper is a subject in numerous major encyclopedias, reflecting its broad cultural importance. It has entries in the Encyclopædia Britannica (online id: topic/newspaper), the Great Russian Encyclopedia (online id: 2339392), the Encyclopedia of China (id: 149725), the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (id: E0032944), and the Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine (id: 28151). Historical descriptions are also available in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947), and Meyers Konversations-Lexikon (4th edition, 1885–1890).

## References

1. Google Product Taxonomy
2. Library of Congress Authorities
3. [Nuovo soggettario](https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=9047)
4. [Source](http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1F300.pdf)
5. Nuovo soggettario
6. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
7. YSO-Wikidata mapping project
8. BabelNet
9. UMLS 2023
10. National Library of Israel Names and Subjects Authority File
11. KBpedia
12. GF WordNet
13. [OpenAlex](https://docs.openalex.org/download-snapshot/snapshot-data-format)
14. [新聞 (しんぶん)とは【ピクシブ百科事典】](https://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E)
15. Wikibase TDKIV