# National Center for Scientific Research

> French research organisation

**Wikidata**: [Q280413](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280413)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/national-center-for-scientific-research

Here’s the structured knowledge entry for the National Center for Scientific Research:

---

## Summary  
The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) is France's largest public research organization, dedicated to advancing scientific knowledge across disciplines. Established in 1939, it operates under the Ministry of Higher Education and Research and employs over 31,000 staff. CNRS is renowned for its interdisciplinary approach and contributions to fields like physics, computer science, and mathematics.

## Key Facts  
- **Founded**: October 19, 1939, by Francis Perrin.  
- **Headquarters**: Paris, France (3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 cedex 16).  
- **Budget**: €3.69 billion (2021), rising to €4.1 billion (2023).  
- **Employees**: 31,970 (2019).  
- **Subsidiaries**: Includes institutes like the Institute of Physics, Institute of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Information Sciences.  
- **Grants**: Awards medals (Gold, Silver, Bronze, Innovation, Crystal) for scientific excellence.  
- **Legal Form**: National public establishment of an administrative nature.  
- **Authority**: Overseen by the Ministry of Higher Education and Research.  

## FAQs  
### Q: What is the CNRS known for?  
A: CNRS is known for its interdisciplinary research and contributions to fields like physics, mathematics, and computer science, as well as its role in promoting open-access publishing.  

### Q: Who funds the CNRS?  
A: CNRS is publicly funded by the French government, with budgets approved by the Ministry of Higher Education and Research.  

### Q: How many people work at CNRS?  
A: As of 2019, CNRS employed 31,970 staff, including researchers, engineers, and administrative personnel.  

## Why It Matters  
CNRS is a cornerstone of France’s scientific ecosystem, driving innovation and collaboration across disciplines. It plays a critical role in global research, hosting renowned scientists like Benoit Mandelbrot and Radhia Cousot. By funding and publishing open-access research (e.g., via Centre pour la communication scientifique directe), CNRS democratizes knowledge. Its subsidiaries and partnerships (e.g., ELIXIR France) amplify its impact, making it a model for public research institutions worldwide.  

## Notable For  
- **Interdisciplinary Reach**: Operates institutes spanning physics, biology, social sciences, and engineering.  
- **Open Access Advocacy**: Runs platforms like CCSD to promote free scientific communication.  
- **Historic Leadership**: Founded by Nobel laureate Francis Perrin and led by notable figures like Antoine Petit.  
- **Global Collaboration**: Member of international consortia like DataCite and Research Data Alliance.  
- **High Output**: Publishes extensively, with ownership of journals like *Cahiers de biologie marine*.  

## Body  
### Structure and Subsidiaries  
- **Subsidiaries**: Includes 10 major institutes, such as:  
  - Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules.  
  - Institute of Information Sciences and their Interactions.  
- **Affiliated Entities**: Centre pour la communication scientifique directe (founded 2000) promotes open access.  

### Leadership and Governance  
- **Current Chair**: Antoine Petit (since 2018).  
- **Past Chairs**: Alain Fuchs (2010–2017), Georges Teissier (1946–1950).  

### Funding and Operations  
- **Budget**: Increased from €3.69 billion (2021) to €4.1 billion (2023).  
- **Grants**: Awards medals annually for scientific and technical achievements.  

### Collaborations  
- **Memberships**: Couperin Consortium, Renater, ORCID, and DataCite.  
- **Partnerships**: ELIXIR France for life sciences data infrastructure.  

### Technical Infrastructure  
- **IP Ranges**: 157.136.0.0/16 and 194.199.43.0/24.  
- **Digital Presence**: Active on Twitter (@CNRS), YouTube, and Mastodon.  

## Schema Markup  
```json
{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Organization",
  "name": "National Center for Scientific Research",
  "description": "France's largest public research organization, advancing interdisciplinary scientific knowledge.",
  "url": "https://www.cnrs.fr/",
  "sameAs": [
    "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355",
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research"
  ],
  "foundingDate": "1939-10-19",
  "founder": "Francis Perrin",
  "address": {
    "@type": "PostalAddress",
    "streetAddress": "3 rue Michel-Ange",
    "postalCode": "75794 cedex 16",
    "addressLocality": "Paris",
    "addressCountry": "France"
  }
}

## References

1. Directory of Open Access Journals
2. HAL
3. [Source](https://icolc.net/participating-consortia)
4. [Source](https://www.lobbyfacts.eu/datacard/centre-national-de-la-recherche-scientifique?rid=787054318177-33)
5. general catalog of BnF
6. Virtual International Authority File
7. IdRef
8. International Standard Name Identifier
9. [Library of Congress Name Authority File](http://viaf.org/viaf/sourceID/LC%7Cn++79049545#skos:Concept)
10. BnF authorities
11. Library of Congress Name Authority File
12. CiNii Research
13. [2023](https://annuaire.cnrs.fr/NavigationServlet?pageName=ressource&uuid=cfb48d99-3ac3-4899-9c2b-3c379b9266da)
14. [Source](https://www.ccsd.cnrs.fr/presentation/le-ccsd/)
15. [Source](https://annuaire.cnrs.fr/NavigationServlet?pageName=ressource&uuid=95efc9a2-51e2-4ac3-b12a-a10e4f769220)
16. [Source](http://www.elixir-europe.org/about-us/who-we-are/nodes/france)
17. SIRENE
18. [Source](http://www.couperin.org/presentation/notre-organisation/les-membres-de-couperin/items?cid=162id=221lang=fr)
19. [Source](https://discovery.renater.fr/renater/)
20. [Source](https://www.rd-alliance.org/oa-members)
21. [Source](https://eosc.eu/members/)
22. SNAC
23. Yury I. Poljansky and his relations with French zoologists
24. [Source](https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/presse/anne-peyroche-est-nommee-presidente-du-cnrs-par-interim)
25. National Center for Scientific Research
26. Babelio
27. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
28. Czech National Authority Database
29. [Source](http://www.cnrs.fr/fr/tous-nos-rss)
30. [Source](http://www.cnrs.fr/sites/default/files/news/2020-07/RA_CNRS2019_web.pdf)
31. Mir@bel
32. Facebook
33. GRID Release 2015-12-14
34. GRID Release 2016-12-06
35. [Source](https://www.cnrs.fr/fr/cnrsinfo/cnrs-un-budget-en-hausse-de-130-meu-et-de-10-en-moyenne-pour-les-dotations-aux)
36. [Source](https://www.ccomptes.fr/fr/publications/le-centre-national-de-la-recherche-scientifique-cnrs)
37. [Source](https://www.afnil.org/afnil_editeurs/7643/)
38. GRID Release 2017-01-10
39. Quora
40. Aligned ISNI and Ringgold identifiers for institutions
41. [Source](https://apps.db.ripe.net/search/lookup.html?source=ripe&key=157.136.0.0+-+157.136.255.255&type=inetnum)
42. [Source](https://tools.wmflabs.org/whois/gateway.py?lookup=true&ip=194.199.43.0)
43. [Source](https://govtribe.com/vendors/ctre-nat-de-la-recherche-scientifique-cnrs-moy200-paris-b-fauv8)
44. [Source](https://orcid.org/signin)
45. Microsoft Academic Knowledge Graph
46. YouTube API
47. [Source](http://www.cnrs.fr/)
48. [OpenAlex](https://docs.openalex.org/download-snapshot/snapshot-data-format)