# MySQL

> SQL database engine software

**Wikidata**: [Q850](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/mysql

## Summary
MySQL is a relational database management system and SQL database engine software that was initially created in 1995 and later developed by MySQL AB (a Swedish company) before being acquired by Sun Microsystems and ultimately Oracle Corporation. It is widely used for storing and retrieving data in web applications and has become one of the world's most popular open-source database systems.

## Key Facts
- MySQL is a relational database management system and server software.
- The system was initially published on May 23, 1995, and MySQL AB was founded in 2001 in Sweden.
- MySQL has had multiple developers: MySQL AB (until 2008), Sun Microsystems (2008-2010), and Oracle Corporation (since 2010).
- The mascot for MySQL is named Sakila.
- MySQL runs on various operating systems including Unix-like systems, Microsoft Windows, macOS, FreeBSD, and Linux.
- Key competitors in the database management system market include PostgreSQL (since 1996) and MongoDB (since 2009).
- MySQL uses multiple programming languages including C++ and C.
- The system has been released under multiple licenses including GNU General Public License, version 2.0, and proprietary licenses.
- MySQL's version history includes 5.6.28 (stable, December 2015), 5.7.15 (stable, September 2016), 5.7.20 (stable, October 2017), and 8.0.11 (stable, April 2018).

## FAQs
### Q: What is MySQL used for?
A: MySQL is used as a relational database management system for storing, organizing, and retrieving structured data in various applications, particularly web applications and content-driven websites.

### Q: Is MySQL open-source software?
A: MySQL is available under multiple licenses including the GNU General Public License, version 2.0 (open-source), as well as proprietary licenses for enterprise use.

### Q: Who currently owns and develops MySQL?
A: MySQL is currently owned and developed by Oracle Corporation, which acquired it through their purchase of Sun Microsystems in 2010.

## Why It Matters
MySQL has fundamentally changed how web applications store and manage data by providing a reliable, efficient, and accessible relational database solution. Its open-source nature and enterprise support options have democratized database technology, allowing developers from individuals to large corporations to build data-intensive applications without prohibitive costs. MySQL's integration into the popular LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Python/Perl) stack has positioned it as a foundational technology for countless websites and applications worldwide. Its continued evolution through multiple ownership changes while maintaining core functionality demonstrates its resilience and importance in the technology ecosystem.

## Notable For
- Being one of the most widely deployed open-source database management systems globally
- Having a mascot named Sakila after a town in Uganda
- Supporting multiple operating platforms including Unix-like systems, Windows, macOS, and various Linux distributions
- Competing directly with established systems like PostgreSQL and newer NoSQL systems like MongoDB
- Undergoing ownership transitions from MySQL AB to Sun Microsystems to Oracle Corporation while maintaining market presence

## Body

### Development History
MySQL was initially created in 1995 and developed by MySQL AB, a Swedish company founded in 2001 with 400 employees headquartered primarily in Solna Municipality, Sweden. In 2008, Sun Microsystems (an American computer hardware and software company founded in 1982 with 34,600 employees in 2007) acquired MySQL AB. In 2010, Oracle Corporation acquired Sun Microsystems, taking over development of MySQL. The system has evolved through multiple versions, including 5.6.28 (released December 2015), 5.7.15 (released September 2016), and 8.0.11 (released April 2018).

### Technical Specifications
MySQL is a relational database management system that runs on multiple operating systems including Unix-like systems, Microsoft Windows, macOS, FreeBSD, and Linux. It is written primarily in C++ and C programming languages. The system uses SQL (Structured Query Language) for database management and offers both free and proprietary licensing options. MySQL supports various file formats including MySQL Table Definition Format and MySQL View Definition Format. The system has multiple aliases including mysql, MySQL数据库软件, 마이SQL, 마이에스큐엘, and 마이 SQL.

### Market Position
MySQL competes directly with PostgreSQL (a relational database management system since 1996) and MongoDB (a cross-platform document-oriented database management system since 2009) in the database market. MySQL has established itself as one of the most popular open-source database systems, particularly in web applications and content management systems. Its market position is strengthened by its integration into the LAMP stack and its availability across multiple platforms and operating systems.

### Community and Distribution
MySQL has a significant community presence, with official documentation, issue tracking at https://bugs.mysql.com/, and an official blog at https://dev.mysql.com/blog-archive/. The system is available through various package managers including:
- Ubuntu: mysql-server, mysql-client
- Fedora: community-mysql
- Gentoo: dev-db/mysql, virtual/mysql
- FreeBSD: databases/mysql57-server, databases/mysql80-server, among others
- Debian: mysql-server, mysql-client (though replaced by MariaDB in newer versions)
- Homebrew: mysql-client@5.7, mysql@5.6, mysql@5.7, mysql-client, mysql

MySQL is also available through Docker Hub as "library/mysql," categorized as "Docker Official Images."

## References

1. [Source](https://notes.rolandcrosby.com/posts/unexpectedly-eponymous/)
2. [COPYING](https://github.com/mysql/mysql-server/blob/mysql-8.0.3/COPYING)
3. [Source](https://www.mysql.com/about/legal/licensing/oem/)
4. [The mysql Open Source Project on Open Hub: Languages Page. Open Hub](https://www.openhub.net/p/mysql/analyses/latest/languages_summary)
5. [Supported Platforms: MySQL Database](https://www.mysql.com/support/supportedplatforms/database.html)
6. [Source](http://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.6/en/)
7. [Source](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/news-5-7-15.html)
8. [MySQL 8.0 RC1 – Highlights](http://mysqlserverteam.com/mysql-8-0-rc1-highlights/)
9. [Changes in MySQL 5.7.16 (2016-10-12, General Availability)](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/news-5-7-16.html)
10. [Source](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/news-5-7-17.html)
11. [Source](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/news-5-7-18.html)
12. [Source](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/news-5-7-19.html)
13. [Source](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/news-5-7-20.html)
14. [Source](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/news-5-7-21.html)
15. [Source](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-11.html)
16. [Source](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/news-5-7-22.html)
17. [Changes in MySQL 8.0.12 (2018-07-27, General Availability)](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-12.html)
18. [Changes in MySQL 8.0.13 (2018-10-22, General Availability)](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-13.html)
19. [Changes in MySQL 8.0.14 (2019-01-21, General Availability)](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-14.html)
20. [Changes in MySQL 8.0.15 (2019-02-01, General Availability). 2019](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-15.html)
21. [Changes in MySQL 8.0.16 (2019-04-25, General Availability)](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-16.html)
22. [Changes in MySQL 5.7.23 (2018-07-27, General Availability)](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/news-5-7-23.html)
23. [Changes in MySQL 5.7.24 (2018-10-22, General Availability)](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/news-5-7-24.html)
24. [Changes in MySQL 5.7.25 (2019-01-21, General Availability)](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/news-5-7-25.html)
25. [Changes in MySQL 5.7.26 (2019-04-25, General Availability)](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/news-5-7-26.html)
26. [Changes in MySQL 5.7.27 (2019-07-22, General Availability)](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/news-5-7-27.html)
27. [2019](https://github.com/mysql/mysql-server/releases/tag/mysql-8.0.19)
28. [2019](https://github.com/mysql/mysql-server/releases/tag/mysql-5.7.29)
29. [Source](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-20.html)
30. [Source](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/news-5-7-30.html)
31. [Changes in MySQL 5.7.32 (2020-10-19, General Availability). 2020](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/news-5-7-32.html)
32. [Changes in MySQL 8.0.23 (2021-01-18, General Availability). 2021](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-23.html)
33. [Changes in MySQL 8.0.24 (2021-04-20, General Availability). 2021](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-24.html)
34. [Changes in MySQL 8.0.25 (2021-05-11, General Availability). 2021](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-25.html)
35. [Changes in MySQL 8.0.26 (2021-07-20, General Availability). 2021](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-26.html)
36. [Changes in MySQL 8.0.27 (2021-10-19, General Availability). 2021](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-27.html)
37. [Changes in MySQL 8.0.28 (2022-01-18, General Availability). 2022](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-28.html)
38. [Changes in MySQL 8.0.29 (2022-04-26, General Availability). 2022](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-29.html)
39. [Changes in MySQL 8.0.30 (2022-07-26, General Availability). 2022](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-30.html)
40. [Changes in MySQL 8.0.31 (2022-10-11, General Availability). 2022](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-31.html)
41. [Changes in MySQL 8.0.32 (2023-01-17, General Availability). 2023](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-32.html)
42. [Changes in MySQL 8.0.33 (2023-04-18, General Availability). 2023](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-33.html)
43. [Changes in MySQL 8.1.0 (2023-07-18, Innovation Release). 2023](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.1/en/news-8-1-0.html)
44. [Changes in MySQL 8.2.0 (2023-10-25, Innovation Release). 2023](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.2/en/news-8-2-0.html)
45. [Changes in MySQL 8.0.34 (2023-07-18, General Availability). 2023](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-34.html)
46. [Changes in MySQL 8.0.35 (2023-10-25, General Availability). 2023](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-35.html)
47. [Changes in MySQL 8.3.0 (2024-01-16, Innovation Release). 2024](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.3/en/news-8-3-0.html)
48. [Changes in MySQL 8.0.36 (2024-01-16, General Availability). 2024](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-36.html)
49. [Changes in MySQL 8.4.0 (2024-04-30, LTS Release). 2024](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.4/en/news-8-4-0.html)
50. [Changes in MySQL 8.0.37 (2024-04-30, General Availability). 2024](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-37.html)