# Mumbai

> capital city in Maharashtra, India

**Wikidata**: [Q1156](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/mumbai

## Summary
Mumbai is the capital city of Maharashtra, India, and serves as a major megacity and metropolis within the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. Located on the continent of Asia, it is a critical business cluster for the financial sector and the film industry. The city has a rich history dating back to its inception in 1507 and has evolved through various sovereign administrations, from the Portuguese Empire to its current status within India.

## Key Facts
- **Location:** Capital of Maharashtra, India; located in the Konkan region; coordinates: 19.075833°N, 72.8775°E.
- **Area:** 603 square kilometres.
- **Population:** 12,442,373 (2011 census); 15,414,288 (2018 estimate).
- **Elevation:** 14 metres above sea level.
- **Timezone:** Indian Standard Time.
- **Inception:** 1507.
- **Demonym:** Mumbaikar (preferred); historically Bombayan (until 1995).
- **License Plates:** MH-01, MH-02, MH-03.
- **Local Dialing Code:** 0022.
- **UN/LOCODE:** INBOM.
- **Native Name:** मुंबई (Marathi).
- **Sister Cities:** London, Los Angeles, Saint Petersburg (since 1963), Stuttgart (since 1968), Yokohama, Espoo, Honolulu County (since 1970), İzmir (since 1997), Berlin, Busan, Victoria de Durango, Jakarta, Manila, Honolulu.

## FAQs
**What is the historical timeline of Mumbai's sovereignty?**
Mumbai's sovereignty evolved significantly over time. It was part of the Portuguese Empire from 1534 to 1661, transferred to the Kingdom of England from 1661 to 1668, came under Company rule in India from 1668 to 1858, then the British Raj from 1858 to 1947, and finally became part of India on August 14, 1947.

**What are the administrative and governance structures of Mumbai?**
The city is administered by the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC). The head of government has included Mayors like Snehal Ambekar (2014-2017), Vishwanath Mahadeshwar (2017-2019), and Kishori Pednekar (2019-2022), followed by Iqbal Singh Chahal as the preferred head starting March 8, 2022. It has been the capital of Bombay State (1947-1960), Bombay Presidency (1687-1947), and currently Maharashtra (since 1960).

**What languages are spoken in Mumbai?**
The city has a diverse linguistic landscape, including Maithili, Marathi, Urdu, Tamil, Kannada, Tulu, Telugu, Konkani, and Malayalam.

**What significant events has Mumbai experienced?**
A significant event in the city's recent history includes the 26/11 Mumbai attacks in 2008.

**What are the city's key identifiers and codes?**
Mumbai has numerous identifiers, including the postal code 400001, HASC code IN.MH.MC, WOEID 2295411, and various library and encyclopedia IDs such as GND ID 4007629-5 (Bombay until 1995) and 10013721-0 (Mumbai since 1995).

## Why It Matters
Mumbai serves as a critical economic and cultural hub in India. As a megacity and metropolis, it is the largest city in Maharashtra and a primary business cluster driving the nation's financial sector and film industry. Its strategic location in the Konkan region and its status as the capital of Maharashtra underline its political importance. The city's evolution from a colonial port to a modern urban center exemplifies significant historical and socio-economic transformations in the region.

## Notable For
- Being a member of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network as a "City of Film" since 2019.
- Hosting the 2008 significant event known as the 26/11 Mumbai attacks.
- Being named after the deity Mumba.
- Having a population that surpassed 12 million in 2011, classifying it as a megacity since 2001.
- Maintaining a prominent online presence with over 408,256 social media followers as of May 2023.

## Body

### Geography and Demographics
Mumbai is situated in the Konkan region of Asia, with precise coordinates at 19.075833° N latitude and 72.8775° E longitude. The city covers an area of 603 square kilometres and sits at a low elevation of 14 metres above sea level. Its population has grown from 12,442,373 in the 2011 census—comprising 5,726,442 females and 6,715,931 males—to an estimated 15,414,288 by 2018. The city experiences time under Indian Standard Time.

### History and Naming
The city's recorded inception dates back to 1507. It was named after Mumba. Historically, Mumbai was known as Bombay, a name change that was officially recognized around 1995. This is reflected in its GND ID records, where 'Bombay' was used until April 30, 1995, and 'Mumbai' became the preferred term starting May 1, 1995. The city's governance has seen transitions from being part of the Portuguese Empire (1534-1661) to the Kingdom of England (1661-1668), Company rule in India (1668-1858), British Raj (1858-1947), and finally India (from August 14, 1947). It served as the capital of Bombay Presidency starting in 1687 and later Bombay State from August 15, 1947, until April 30, 1960. Since May 1, 1960, it has been the capital of Maharashtra.

### Governance and Administration
The local authority is the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation. The website for the municipal corporation is https://portal.mcgm.gov.in/. Recent heads of government include:
- **Snehal Ambekar** (Mayor, September 2014 – March 2017)
- **Vishwanath Mahadeshwar** (Mayor, March 8, 2017 – November 22, 2019)
- **Kishori Pednekar** (Mayor, November 22, 2019 – March 8, 2022)
- **Iqbal Singh Chahal** (Preferred Head of Government, starting March 8, 2022)

The city is also divided into districts, with Mumbai being the capital of the Mumbai City district and part of the Mumbai City district locality since October 1, 1990.

### Economy and Culture
Mumbai is defined as a business cluster with key industries in the financial sector and the film industry. It was designated as a UNESCO "City of Film" in 2019 as part of the Creative Cities Network. The city has a subreddit 'mumbai' active since November 26, 2008, and various hashtags in English (#Mumbai), Hindi (#मुम्बई), and Marathi (#मुंबई). The demonym for residents is "Mumbaikar".

### Infrastructure and Codes
The city uses license plate codes MH-01, MH-02, and MH-03. Its local dialing code is 0022. The postal code for the city is 400001. The UN/LOCODE for Mumbai is INBOM. The city also has a specific HASC code: IN.MH.MC.

### International Relations
Mumbai maintains sister city relationships with numerous global cities, including London, Los Angeles, Saint Petersburg (since 1963), Stuttgart (since 1968), Yokohama, Espoo, Honolulu County (since 1970), İzmir (since 1997), Berlin, Busan, Victoria de Durango, Jakarta, Manila, and Honolulu.

### Media and Recognition
Mumbai is a frequent subject in various media and encyclopedic sources. It has been described by numerous publications, including the *Encyclopædia Britannica* (11th edition and online), *Treccani's Enciclopedia*, *Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron*, and *Meyer’s Universum* (1839). The city has a dedicated BBC News topic ID (c78qwzq3ekwt) and a Guardian topic ID (world/mumbai). It is also listed in the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (7001518) and has identifiers in the Library of Congress Authority (n2012073713) and the U.S. National Archives (10044397).

## References

1. [Mumbai Mayor and Shiv Sena leader Snehal Ambekar compares PM Modi to Adolf Hitler. The Indian Express](http://indianexpress.com/article/india/mumbai-mayor-and-shiv-sena-leader-snehal-ambekar-compares-pm-modi-to-adolf-hitler/)
2. [Who is Vishwanath Mahadeshwar, the new Mayor of Mumbai; Check out Shiv Sena leader’s profile. The Financial Express](https://www.financialexpress.com/elections/who-is-vishwanath-mahadeshwar-the-new-mayor-of-mumbai-check-out-shiv-sena-leaders-profile/579607/)
3. [Shiv Sena's Kishori Pednekar named Mumbai mayor. The Times of India](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/shiv-senas-kishori-pednekar-named-mumbai-mayor/articleshow/72182037.cms)
4. [BMC to be Run by Administrator Sans Mayor After 4 Decades: What It Means for Public. News18 India](https://www.news18.com/amp/news/india/bmc-to-be-run-by-administrator-sans-mayor-after-4-decades-what-it-means-for-public-explained-4848242.html)
5. [Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. Government of Maharashtra](https://portal.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous)
6. [Mumbai Location](https://www.mumbai.org.uk/geographical-location.html)
7. [Mumbai is the fifth most polluted megacity in the world, says WHO](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Mumbai-is-the-fifth-most-polluted-megacity-in-the-world-says-WHO/articleshow/52248695.cms)
8. [Union territory of New delhi](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/mumbai-city)
9. [Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (English). Government of Maharashtra](https://portal.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous)
10. [Source](http://www.mcgm.gov.in/)
11. [Sister cities of Mumbai](http://en.sistercity.info/sister-cities/Mumbai.html)
12. [Source](https://kvs.gov.spb.ru/en/agreements/)
13. [Source](https://www4.honolulu.gov/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-114364/31%20(1970).pdf)
14. [Source](https://www.izmir.bel.tr/tr/KardesKentler/62)
15. [Is Mumbai in Konkan?](https://www.quora.com/Is-Mumbai-in-Konkan)
16. [In welcher Zeitzone liegt Mumbai, Maharashtra, Indien?](https://www.timeanddate.de/stadt/zeitzone/indien/mumbai)
17. Mumbai. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
18. [LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE. Government of Maharashtra](https://www.mapsofindia.com/lat_long/maharashtra/)
19. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
20. [Source](https://portal.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous)
21. Virtual International Authority File
22. MusicBrainz
23. [Mumbai (Greater Mumbai) City Census 2011 data. Government of Maharashtra](https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/365-mumbai.html)
24. Treccani's Enciclopedia on line
25. [about-mumbai](http://www.mumbaionline.in/city-guide/about-mumbai)
26. [Source](https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Bombaj;3879308.html)
27. [Source](http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20180401-vada-pav-the-indian-burger-mcdonalds-cant-master)
28. GeoNames
29. [Mumbai Language](https://www.mumbai.org.uk/travel-tips/language.html)
30. [Mumbai (bombay). encyclopedia](https://www.encyclopedia.com/places/asia/indian-political-geography/mumbai)
31. [Source](https://tapchicongthuong.vn/michael-jackson-truoc-nam-1975-duoc-phien-am-thanh-manh-khac-lac-khac-ton--va-hon-100--ten-quoc-gia--dia-danh--ca-si--dien-vien-dien-anh--doc-len-rat-la-tai-65715.htm)
32. [Source](https://trinm.wordpress.com/2010/08/22/lan-man-v%E1%BB%81-vi%E1%BB%87t-hoa-d%E1%BB%8Ba-danh-va-ten-danh-nhan/)
33. BabelNet
34. Enciclopedia Treccani
35. [archINFORM](https://www.archinform.net/service/wd_aiort.php)
36. Dizionario di Storia
37. [iNaturalist](https://www.inaturalist.org/places/inaturalist-places.csv.zip)
38. [Source](https://golden.com/wiki/Mumbai-X68A)
39. [Bibliography of the History of the Czech Lands](https://biblio.hiu.cas.cz/records/9d82e58f-8cc2-4c9e-b98b-2e6aa757e290)
40. [MUMBAI latest news & coverage](https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/topic/mumbai)
41. museum-digital
42. [Mumbai · Apple Maps](https://maps.apple.com/place?auid=11969514937863232758)
43. [Best Mumbai Posts - Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/t/mumbai/)