# Multi-Spatial Pyramid Feature and Optimizing Focal Loss Function for Object Detection

> Research article (IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, 2023) · cited 23× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4379382235](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4379382235)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/multi-spatial-pyramid-feature-and-optimizing-focal-loss-function-for-object-detection