# Mohammad Mosaddegh

> former Prime Minister of Iran (1882–1967)

**Wikidata**: [Q123037](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123037)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/mohammad-mosaddegh

## Summary
Mohammad Mosaddegh was a former Prime Minister of Iran (1882–1967), serving as a key political leader during the Pahlavi era. He is best known for his role in Iran's nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1951, a landmark event that reshaped Iran's oil industry and geopolitical relations.

## Biography
- Born: June 16, 1882
- Nationality: Iranian
- Education: Sciences Po (France), University of Paris (France), University of Neuchâtel (Switzerland)
- Known for: Leading Iran's nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company
- Employer(s): Prime Minister of Iran (1951–1953)
- Field(s): Political leadership, economic policy

## Contributions
- **Nationalization of Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (1951)**: Mosaddegh led Iran's government in nationalizing the oil industry, a decision that sparked international tensions and ultimately led to his overthrow by the CIA-backed coup of 1953.
- **Political Leadership**: Served as Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953, implementing progressive economic policies that aimed to reduce foreign influence in Iran.
- **Educational Advocacy**: Advocated for education reform and women's rights, promoting literacy and gender equality during his tenure.

## FAQs
**What was Mohammad Mosaddegh's most significant achievement?**
Mosaddegh's most significant achievement was leading Iran's nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1951, which marked a pivotal moment in Iran's struggle for economic independence.

**Where did Mohammad Mosaddegh receive his education?**
Mosaddegh studied at Sciences Po in France, the University of Paris, and the University of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.

**What happened to Mohammad Mosaddegh after his overthrow?**
After his overthrow in 1953, Mosaddegh was exiled and later died in 1967.

## Why They Matter
Mohammad Mosaddegh's nationalization of Iran's oil industry was a defining moment in modern Middle Eastern history. His actions challenged Western economic dominance and inspired anti-imperialist movements across the region. His overthrow remains a symbol of resistance to foreign interference in Iran, influencing later political movements. His legacy continues to be debated in Iran, where he is both revered as a national hero and criticized for his authoritarian tendencies.

## Notable For
- Leading Iran's nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1951
- Serving as Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953
- Advocating for education reform and women's rights
- Being overthrown in a CIA-backed coup in 1953

## Body
### Early Life and Education
Mohammad Mosaddegh was born on June 16, 1882, in Tehran. He pursued higher education in France, attending Sciences Po and the University of Paris. Later, he studied at the University of Neuchâtel in Switzerland, where he earned degrees in political science and economics.

### Political Career
Mosaddegh entered politics as a member of the National Front, a political organization in Iran. His political career gained momentum when he was appointed Prime Minister of Iran in 1951. During his tenure, he implemented progressive economic policies aimed at reducing foreign influence in Iran.

### Nationalization of the Oil Industry
One of Mosaddegh's most significant actions was the nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1951. This decision, which transferred control of Iran's oil resources from foreign companies to the Iranian government, sparked international outrage. The move was seen as a direct challenge to Western economic interests in the region.

### Overthrow and Exile
Mosaddegh's policies led to a power struggle with the Shah of Iran, who sought to maintain control over the oil industry. In 1953, Mosaddegh was overthrown in a CIA-backed coup. He was exiled and later died in 1967.

### Legacy
Mosaddegh's legacy remains complex. While he is celebrated in Iran as a symbol of national resistance, his authoritarian rule and economic policies have also been criticized. His actions continue to shape discussions about Iran's relationship with the West and its path to economic self-sufficiency.

## References

1. BnF authorities
2. Integrated Authority File
3. [Source](http://www.tlfl.blogfa.com/post-6.aspx)
4. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
5. Find a Grave
6. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
7. Virtual International Authority File
8. Treccani's Enciclopedia on line
9. LIBRIS. 2014
10. Dizionario di Storia
11. [Source](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/musaddik-muhammed)
12. Bibliography of the History of the Czech Lands