# Modified Stiffness-Based Soft Optical Waveguide Integrated Pneumatic Artificial Muscle (PAM) Actuators for Contraction and Force Sensing

> Research article (IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 2021) · cited 24× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W3126808738](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W3126808738)  
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