# Model vs system level testing of autonomous driving systems: a replication and extension study

> Research article (Empirical Software Engineering, 2023) · cited 38× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W4367693670](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W4367693670)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/model-vs-system-level-testing-of-autonomous-driving-systems-a-replication-and-extension-study