# Model-Based Dynamic In-Cylinder Air Charge, Residual Gas and Temperature Estimation for a GDI Spark Ignition Engine Using Cylinder, Intake and Exhaust Pressures

> Research article (Volume 2: Intelligent Transportation/Vehicles; Manufacturing; Mechatronics; Engine/After-Treatment Systems; Soft Actuators/Manipulators; Modeling/Validation; Motion/Vibration Control Applications; Multi-Agent/Networked Sys

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W3124782254](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W3124782254)  
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