# materials science

> research, discovery and design of physical materials (especially solids)

**Wikidata**: [Q228736](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/materials-science

## Summary
Materials science is the research, discovery, and design of physical materials, particularly solids, as an academic discipline and branch of science. It encompasses the study of materials' properties, behavior, and applications across various fields, including engineering and physics.

## Key Facts
- **Academic Discipline**: Materials science is classified as an academic discipline and a branch of science.
- **Related Fields**: It is connected to engineering, physics, and chemistry, with subfields like metallurgy, polymer science, and ceramic engineering.
- **Notable Figures**: Key contributors include Robert Hooke, Alan Cottrell, John A. Rogers, William Hume-Rothery, and Yves Bréchet.
- **Journals**: Important publications include *Journal of Chemical Physics* (1933) and *Advanced Materials* (1988).
- **Awards**: The Nevill Mott Medal and Prize (1977) is a notable award in the field.
- **Institutions**: Research institutions like the Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research and the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems are associated with materials science.
- **Applications**: Materials science is applied in fields such as high-voltage technology, crystallography, and tribology.
- **Parent Discipline**: It is part of natural science, which studies the natural world.
- **External Identifiers**: Materials science has various identifiers, including GND (4079184-1), LCCN (sh85082094), and MeSH (D000074266).
- **Aliases**: Also known as materials science and engineering, material science, materials of engineering and construction, and mechanics of materials.
- **Sitelink Count**: 80 across various language Wikipedias.

## FAQs
### What is the primary focus of materials science?
Materials science focuses on the research, discovery, and design of physical materials, particularly solids. It involves studying the properties, behavior, and applications of materials across various fields, including engineering and physics.

### Who are some notable figures in materials science?
Key contributors to materials science include Robert Hooke, Alan Cottrell, John A. Rogers, William Hume-Rothery, and Yves Bréchet. These figures have made significant contributions to the field through their research and discoveries.

### What are some important publications in materials science?
Important publications in materials science include *Journal of Chemical Physics* (1933) and *Advanced Materials* (1988). These journals are crucial for sharing research findings and advancements in the field.

### What awards are associated with materials science?
The Nevill Mott Medal and Prize (1977) is a notable award in materials science. It recognizes significant contributions to condensed matter or materials physics.

### What institutions are associated with materials science?
Research institutions like the Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research and the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems are associated with materials science. These institutions play a crucial role in advancing the field through research and development.

### What are some applications of materials science?
Materials science is applied in fields such as high-voltage technology, crystallography, and tribology. These applications demonstrate the practical significance of materials science in various industries and technologies.

## Why It Matters
Materials science plays a critical role in advancing technology and innovation by enabling the development of new materials with enhanced properties. It drives progress in fields such as electronics, aerospace, and medicine, contributing to the creation of advanced technologies and improved products. By understanding and manipulating the properties of materials, materials science supports the development of cutting-edge solutions to complex challenges, from energy storage to medical devices. Its interdisciplinary nature fosters collaboration across science and engineering, leading to breakthroughs that shape modern society. The field's impact is evident in everyday applications, from high-performance materials in aerospace to sustainable solutions in environmental science.

## Notable For
- **Interdisciplinary Field**: Materials science integrates knowledge from physics, chemistry, and engineering to study and develop new materials.
- **Notable Figures**: Key contributors include Robert Hooke, Alan Cottrell, John A. Rogers, William Hume-Rothery, and Yves Bréchet.
- **Important Publications**: *Journal of Chemical Physics* (1933) and *Advanced Materials* (1988) are crucial for sharing research findings.
- **Awards**: The Nevill Mott Medal and Prize (1977) recognizes significant contributions to condensed matter or materials physics.
- **Research Institutions**: The Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research and the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems are associated with materials science.
- **Applications**: Materials science is applied in fields such as high-voltage technology, crystallography, and tribology.
- **Parent Discipline**: It is part of natural science, which studies the natural world.
- **External Identifiers**: Materials science has various identifiers, including GND (4079184-1), LCCN (sh85082094), and MeSH (D000074266).
- **Aliases**: Also known as materials science and engineering, material science, materials of engineering and construction, and mechanics of materials.
- **Sitelink Count**: 80 across various language Wikipedias.

## Body

### Core Definition and Scope
Materials science is the research, discovery, and design of physical materials, particularly solids. It is an academic discipline and a branch of science that integrates knowledge from physics, chemistry, and engineering to study and develop new materials. Materials science focuses on understanding the properties, behavior, and applications of materials across various fields, including engineering and physics.

### Related Fields and Techniques
Materials science is closely connected to several related fields and techniques. Metallurgy is the domain of materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metals. Polymer science is a subfield of materials science concerned with polymers such as plastics and elastomers. Ceramic engineering is a branch of engineering concerned with the development, production, and application of ceramic and ceramic products. These fields are essential for advancing our understanding of materials and their applications.

### Notable Figures
Key contributors to materials science include Robert Hooke, an English natural philosopher, architect, and polymath (1635–1703). Alan Cottrell, a British metallurgist and physicist (1919–2012), made significant contributions to the field. John A. Rogers, an American chemist and materials scientist (born 1967), is another notable figure. William Hume-Rothery, a British metallurgist (1899–1968), and Yves Bréchet, a French physicist, have also made significant contributions to materials science. These figures have advanced our understanding of materials and their applications.

### Historical Context
The history of materials science is marked by the contributions of numerous influential scientists. Robert Hooke, Alan Cottrell, and John A. Rogers have made significant contributions to the field through their research and discoveries. The development of materials science has been shaped by the work of these scientists, who have advanced our understanding of materials and their properties. Over the years, materials science has evolved with contributions from scientists like William Hume-Rothery and Yves Bréchet, who have advanced our understanding of materials and their applications.

### Techniques and Methodologies
Materials science employs a variety of techniques and methodologies to study materials. Metallurgy is the domain of materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metals. Polymer science is a subfield of materials science concerned with polymers such as plastics and elastomers. Ceramic engineering is a branch of engineering concerned with the development, production, and application of ceramic and ceramic products. These techniques are crucial for understanding the properties and behavior of materials.

### Applications and Significance
Materials science has numerous applications and is essential for understanding the properties and behavior of materials. It is applied in fields such as high-voltage technology, crystallography, and tribology. These applications are crucial for advancing our understanding of materials and their properties, making materials science a vital field in scientific research and industrial applications.

### Identifiers and Classification
Materials science is cataloged under numerous international identifiers and classification systems. It is assigned the GND number 4079184-1 and the LCCN number sh85082094. The BNF identifier is 01202762, and the NDL number is 00565652. In the MeSH database, it is identified as D000074266. The Wikidata entity is Q11862829, and it is also associated with Q12015335 and Q2465832. It is a subclass of Q1665984 (academic discipline) and Q7991 (branch of science). The entity has a sitelink count of 80 across various language Wikipedias.

### Multilingual and Media Presence
The field is known by various names in different languages, reflecting its global importance. These include "materials science and engineering" in English, "material science" in English, "materials of engineering and construction" in English, and "mechanics of materials" in English. The entity is associated with specific media assets, including the image "Diamond cuboctahedron.jpg" and "Materials science". It also has an audio file associated with it: "LL-Q1321 (spa)-ElsaBornFree-química analítica.wav".

### Academic and Professional Context
Materials science is taught at academic institutions worldwide and is a focus of academic study leading to degrees. It is classified as an academic discipline and an academic major. The field is linked to the occupation of chemist, with many of its notable figures holding this title. It intersects with other fields such as biomonitoring, which involves the measurement of the body burden of toxic chemical compounds. The discipline is also connected to the broader context of chemical warfare, environmental responsibility, and the ethical considerations of synthetic biology.

## References

1. Directory of Open Access Journals
2. Iowa State University Library Vocabularies
3. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
4. Integrated Authority File
5. BBC Things
6. YSO-Wikidata mapping project
7. BabelNet
8. UMLS 2023
9. Quora
10. FactGrid
11. National Library of Israel
12. KBpedia
13. [Source](https://vocabs.ardc.edu.au/viewById/316)
14. [materials-science · GitHub Topics · GitHub](https://github.com/topics/materials-science)
15. All Science Journal Classification Codes
16. [C192562407 | OpenAlex Web](https://explore.openalex.org/concepts/C192562407)
17. [OpenAlex](https://docs.openalex.org/download-snapshot/snapshot-data-format)