# Mars Orbiter Mission

> Indian Mars orbiter (2013-2022)

**Wikidata**: [Q2156739](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2156739)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/mars-orbiter-mission

## Summary
Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan, is an Indian planetary orbiter launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on 5 November 2013 to operate at Mars. It was a spacecraft built on the I-1K bus with a launch mass of 1,337.2 kg and a 13.4 kg scientific payload, and it operated from Mars orbit until loss of signal in April 2022.

## Key Facts
- Launched by ISRO on 2013-11-05 at 09:08:26 (UTC) from Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad.  
- Launch vehicle: Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-XL (PSLV-C25).  
- Operator and launch contractor: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).  
- Launch mass (launch weight): 1,337.2 kg; dry mass: 482.5 kg.  
- Payload mass: 13.4 kg.  
- Spacecraft bus: I-1K; manufacturer: U. R. Rao Satellite Centre.  
- Dimensions: approximately 1.5 m × 1.5 m × 1.5 m (width × height × length).  
- Power: spacecraft solar array and a 36-cell lithium-ion battery (solar array entry includes amount value 840 with unit identifier Q25236 in source data).  
- Significant mission events: rocket launch 2013-11-05 (Satish Dhawan Space Centre), Mars orbit insertion 2014-09-24, and loss of signal / end of mission in April 2022 (dissolved due to fuel starvation and power outage).  
- Identifiers: COSPAR ID 2013-060A; NSSDCA ID 2013-060A; NAIF ID -3.  
- Common names and aliases: MOM, Mangalyaan, 印度的火星軌道探測器.  
- Followed by / succeeded by: Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (proposed).

## FAQs
### Q: What is the Mars Orbiter Mission?
A: The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan, is an Indian planetary orbiter launched by ISRO on 5 November 2013 to operate in orbit around Mars.

### Q: When did MOM reach Mars orbit and how long did it operate?
A: MOM performed Mars orbit insertion on 2014-09-24. The mission continued operating until ISRO reported loss of signal in April 2022, with the spacecraft subsequently considered dissolved due to fuel starvation and a power outage.

### Q: What were MOM’s mass and payload specifications?
A: MOM had a launch mass of 1,337.2 kg, a dry mass of 482.5 kg, and carried a 13.4 kg scientific payload.

### Q: Which launcher and spacecraft bus were used for MOM?
A: MOM was launched on PSLV-C25 (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-XL) and used the I-1K spacecraft bus, manufactured by U. R. Rao Satellite Centre.

### Q: Where can official mission information be found?
A: ISRO’s official mission pages include https://www.isro.gov.in/MOM.html and https://www.isro.gov.in/MarsOrbiterMissionSpacecraft.html.

## Why It Matters
The Mars Orbiter Mission represents a complete, end-to-end Indian planetary orbiter program: design and manufacture on the I-1K bus by the U. R. Rao Satellite Centre, launch and mission operations by ISRO, and multi-year operation in Mars orbit. As a compact spacecraft with a modest payload mass (13.4 kg) and a launch mass of 1,337.2 kg, MOM demonstrated the integration of launch, spacecraft engineering, and mission operations necessary for sustained Mars orbital science. The mission recorded key timeline events including launch (2013-11-05), Mars orbit insertion (2014-09-24), and eventual loss of signal in April 2022 attributed to fuel starvation and power outage. MOM’s mission data, identifiers, and public web presence (ISRO pages) provide a documented example of an Indian planetary probe and orbiter platform and establish a technical and programmatic foundation for follow-on planning such as the proposed Mars Orbiter Mission 2.

## Notable For
- Being an Indian planetary orbiter operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).  
- A relatively low launch mass of 1,337.2 kg and a small scientific payload of 13.4 kg.  
- Successful Mars orbit insertion on 2014-09-24 after launch on 2013-11-05 using PSLV-C25.  
- Use of the I-1K spacecraft bus and manufacture by U. R. Rao Satellite Centre.  
- Mission end reported in April 2022 due to fuel starvation and a power outage.

## Body

### Overview
- Name: Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM); also known as Mangalyaan.  
- Type: Planetary probe; orbiter of Mars.  
- Operator / launch contractor: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).  
- Country of origin: India.  
- Instance classifications: planetary probe and orbiter (target: Mars).

### Timeline and Significant Events
- Launch: 2013-11-05 at 09:08:26 (UTC) from Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad.  
- Launch vehicle: Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-XL (PSLV-C25).  
- Mars orbit insertion: 2014-09-24 (entered orbit around Mars).  
- Loss of signal / mission end: reported April 2022; dissolution attributed to fuel starvation and power outage.

### Spacecraft and Hardware
- Spacecraft bus: I-1K.  
- Manufacturer: U. R. Rao Satellite Centre.  
- Launch mass (launch weight): 1,337.2 kg.  
- Dry mass: 482.5 kg.  
- Payload mass: 13.4 kg.  
- Dimensions: approximately 1.5 m wide × 1.5 m high × 1.5 m long.  
- Power: spacecraft solar array (entry lists amount 840 with unit identifier Q25236) and a 36-cell lithium-ion battery.  
- Common mission identifiers: COSPAR 2013-060A; NSSDCA 2013-060A; NAIF ID -3.

### Operations and Data
- Primary operating body: Mars (parent astronomical body).  
- Mission web resources: ISRO mission pages (https://www.isro.gov.in/MOM.html; https://www.isro.gov.in/MarsOrbiterMissionSpacecraft.html).  
- Public outreach: Twitter account value listed as Mangalyaan1 (with historical posting context in source data).

### Follow-ons and Legacy
- Followed by: Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (proposed).  
- The mission’s timeline and documentation (launch, orbit insertion, identifiers, end-of-mission reporting) are recorded in ISRO and archival mission references.

### Identifiers and Catalog Entries
- COSPAR ID: 2013-060A.  
- NSSDCA ID: 2013-060A.  
- NAIF ID: -3.  
- Freebase ID (archival): /m/0knt6hh.  
- Wikipedia title: Mars Orbiter Mission.  
- Commons category: Mars Orbiter Mission.

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## References

1. [Source](https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/mars-orbiter-mission.htm)
2. Jonathan's Space Report
3. [Source](http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/mars-orbiter-mission-spacecraft)
4. [Source](https://www.isro.gov.in/MOM_NationalMeet_2022SEP.html)
5. Mars Orbiter Mission spacecraft and its challenges
6. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
7. [Source](https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2013-060A)
8. [Source](https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/toolkit_docs/C/req/naif_ids.html)
9. [Source](https://www.google.com/doodles/1-month-anniversary-of-mangalyaan-entering-mars-orbit)