# Maria I of Portugal

> Portuguese monarch from 1777 to 1816

**Wikidata**: [Q773874](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q773874)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_I_of_Portugal)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/maria-i-of-portugal

## Summary
Maria I of Portugal was a Portuguese monarch who reigned over the Kingdom of Portugal from 1777 to 1816. Known as "Maria the Pious" and "Maria the Mad," she played a significant role in Portuguese politics during a tumultuous period, including the Napoleonic Wars and the transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil.

## Biography
- **Born**: December 17, 1734
- **Nationality**: Portuguese
- **Known for**: Reigning as Queen of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves; overseeing the transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil during the Napoleonic Wars
- **Field(s)**: Politics, governance
- **Awards/Recognition**: Sash of the Three Orders, Order of the Starry Cross

## Contributions
Maria I of Portugal's reign was marked by significant political and social changes. She ascended to the throne in 1777 and ruled until her death in 1816. During her reign, she faced challenges such as the Napoleonic Wars, which led to the transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil in 1807. This move significantly impacted the history of both Portugal and Brazil. She was also known for her piety and her efforts to modernize Portugal, including the establishment of the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon in 1779 and the National Library of Portugal in 1796.

## FAQs
### Q: What was Maria I of Portugal known for?
A: Maria I of Portugal was known for her reign as Queen of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves from 1777 to 1816. She is particularly noted for overseeing the transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil during the Napoleonic Wars, which had a lasting impact on both countries.

### Q: What awards did Maria I of Portugal receive?
A: Maria I of Portugal received several awards and recognitions, including the Sash of the Three Orders and membership in the Order of the Starry Cross.

### Q: What institutions were established during Maria I of Portugal's reign?
A: During her reign, Maria I of Portugal oversaw the establishment of the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon in 1779 and the National Library of Portugal in 1796. These institutions played significant roles in the cultural and scientific development of Portugal.

### Q: What challenges did Maria I of Portugal face during her reign?
A: Maria I of Portugal faced several challenges during her reign, including the Napoleonic Wars, which led to the transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil in 1807. She also dealt with political and social changes that required significant governance and policy-making efforts.

## Why They Matter
Maria I of Portugal's reign was a pivotal period in Portuguese history. Her decision to transfer the Portuguese court to Brazil during the Napoleonic Wars had a profound impact on both Portugal and Brazil, shaping their political and cultural landscapes. Her efforts to modernize Portugal, including the establishment of key institutions like the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon and the National Library of Portugal, contributed to the country's cultural and scientific development. Her reign also marked a significant period in the history of the Kingdom of Portugal, which lasted from 1139 to 1910.

## Notable For
- Reigning as Queen of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves from 1777 to 1816
- Overseeing the transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil during the Napoleonic Wars
- Establishing the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon in 1779
- Establishing the National Library of Portugal in 1796
- Receiving the Sash of the Three Orders and membership in the Order of the Starry Cross
- Known as "Maria the Pious" and "Maria the Mad"

## Body
### Early Life and Ascension
Maria I of Portugal was born on December 17, 1734. She ascended to the throne in 1777, becoming the Queen of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves. Her reign was marked by significant political and social changes, including the Napoleonic Wars, which led to the transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil in 1807.

### Reign and Governance
During her reign, Maria I of Portugal faced numerous challenges, including the Napoleonic Wars. Her decision to transfer the Portuguese court to Brazil was a significant strategic move that had lasting impacts on both countries. She was known for her piety and her efforts to modernize Portugal, including the establishment of key institutions.

### Establishments and Contributions
Maria I of Portugal oversaw the establishment of the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon in 1779, which became a significant scientific institution and advisory body to the Portuguese Government on linguistic matters. She also established the National Library of Portugal in 1796, which fulfilled the function of legal deposit and copyright.

### Awards and Recognition
Maria I of Portugal received several awards and recognitions during her reign, including the Sash of the Three Orders, which is the presidential sash of Portugal, and membership in the Order of the Starry Cross, a noble order.

### Legacy
Maria I of Portugal's reign was a pivotal period in Portuguese history. Her decisions and contributions had a lasting impact on the political and cultural landscapes of Portugal and Brazil. Her efforts to modernize Portugal and her governance during challenging times have left a significant legacy.

## References

1. Czech National Authority Database
2. [Source](http://emp-web-84.zetcom.ch/eMP/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=artist&objectId=5927)
3. International Standard Name Identifier
4. Virtual International Authority File
5. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
6. Find a Grave
7. The Peerage
8. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
9. Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana
10. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
11. CERL Thesaurus
12. Sejm-Wielki.pl
13. HMML Authority File