# Marc Bloch

> French historian (1886–1944)

**Wikidata**: [Q156585](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156585)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Bloch)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/marc-bloch

## Summary
Marc Bloch was a French historian (1886–1944) who co-founded the Annales school, revolutionizing historical methodology by emphasizing long-term structural analysis. His work laid the foundation for modern social and economic history, influencing generations of scholars.

## Biography
- Born: July 6, 1886, Narbonne, France
- Nationality: French
- Education: Lycée Louis-le-Grand (Paris), École Normale Supérieure (Paris), Leipzig University (Germany), University of Strasbourg (France)
- Known for: Establishing the Annales school and advancing historical methodology
- Employer(s): École Normale Supérieure, University of Strasbourg, University of Paris
- Field(s): History, social and economic history

## Contributions
Marc Bloch co-founded the Annales school in 1929, which introduced a new approach to historical analysis focused on long-term structural patterns rather than individual events. He published *The Historian's Craft* (1931), a foundational text on historical methodology, and *The Royal Touch* (1939), an essay on medieval monarchy and disease. Bloch's work emphasized the study of social and economic structures over traditional political history, influencing modern historical scholarship.

## FAQs
**What was the Annales school, and who founded it?**
The Annales school was a group of historians founded by Marc Bloch and others in 1929, which revolutionized historical methodology by focusing on long-term structural analysis of social and economic history.

**Where did Marc Bloch study and teach?**
Marc Bloch studied at Lycée Louis-le-Grand, École Normale Supérieure, Leipzig University, and the University of Strasbourg. He taught at the University of Strasbourg and the University of Paris.

**What were Marc Bloch's major contributions to history?**
Marc Bloch's major contributions include co-founding the Annales school, publishing *The Historian's Craft* (1931), and writing *The Royal Touch* (1939), which advanced historical methodology and social and economic history.

**How did Marc Bloch influence historical methodology?**
Marc Bloch influenced historical methodology by emphasizing the study of long-term structural patterns in social and economic history, moving away from traditional political history.

**What was Marc Bloch's role in World War II?**
Marc Bloch was a member of the French Resistance and was killed in action during World War II.

## Why They Matter
Marc Bloch's work fundamentally transformed historical methodology by introducing the Annales school, which focused on long-term structural analysis of social and economic history. His emphasis on social and economic structures over political events influenced generations of historians, shaping modern historical scholarship. Bloch's contributions laid the groundwork for the study of social and economic history, making him a pivotal figure in the development of historical methodology.

## Notable For
- Co-founder of the Annales school (1929)
- Author of *The Historian's Craft* (1931), a foundational text on historical methodology
- Published *The Royal Touch* (1939), an essay on medieval monarchy and disease
- Member of the French Resistance during World War II
- Knight of the Legion of Honour, Croix de guerre 1914–1918, Croix de guerre 1939–1945, and Resistance Medal
- Educated at Lycée Louis-le-Grand, École Normale Supérieure, Leipzig University, and the University of Strasbourg
- Taught at the University of Strasbourg and the University of Paris

## Body

### Early Life and Education
Marc Bloch was born on July 6, 1886, in Narbonne, France. He attended Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris before enrolling at École Normale Supérieure, where he studied philosophy and history. He later pursued further studies at Leipzig University in Germany and the University of Strasbourg in France. His education laid the foundation for his groundbreaking contributions to historical methodology.

### Academic Career and Research
Bloch began his academic career at the University of Strasbourg, where he taught history and philosophy. He later moved to the University of Paris, where he established himself as a leading historical theorist. His research focused on social and economic history, leading to landmark publications that defined modern historical methodology.

### Major Works and Theories
Bloch's major works include:
- *The Historian's Craft* (1931) – Introduced the Annales school and advanced historical methodology by emphasizing long-term structural analysis.
- *The Royal Touch* (1939) – An essay on medieval monarchy and disease that analyzed social and economic structures.
- *Annales. Histoire, Sciences sociales* (1929) – A journal that became the platform for the Annales school, publishing works that focused on social and economic history.

### Influence and Legacy
Bloch's work fundamentally transformed historical methodology by introducing the Annales school, which focused on long-term structural analysis of social and economic history. His emphasis on social and economic structures over political events influenced generations of historians, shaping modern historical scholarship. Bloch's contributions laid the groundwork for the study of social and economic history, making him a pivotal figure in the development of historical methodology.

### Personal Life and Later Years
Bloch was married to Marie-Louise Le Bon, and they had two children. He died on June 16, 1944, in Paris, leaving behind a legacy that continues to influence historical scholarship. His contributions to historical methodology remain foundational, and his works are studied and referenced worldwide.

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Bloch's identity is well-documented through various structured properties and identifiers, including:
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## References

1. Integrated Authority File
2. Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978)
3. [birth certificate](http://www.fondsenligne.archives-lyon.fr/v2/ark:/18811/79719aeeb2f80cb8698dbba0c98e429b)
4. Dictionnaire biographique, mouvement ouvrier, mouvement social
5. Mémoire des hommes
6. BnF authorities
7. BeWeB
8. [marriage certificate](https://archives.paris.fr/archives-numerisees/etat-civil-de-paris/etat-civil-a-partir-de-1860/consulter-les-actes-detat-civil#/_recherche-api/visionneuse-infos/arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5/arko_fiche_670542a6d4163/arko_default_64ca1b1754490/image/321717)
9. LIBRIS. 2013
10. [Source](http://www.museedelaresistanceenligne.org/personne.php?id=4430)
11. Q67945594
12. Les Professeurs de la Faculté des lettres de Paris
13. [Panthéonisation : les conditions posées par la famille de Marc Bloch. 2024](https://blogs.mediapart.fr/laurent-mauduit/blog/231124/pantheonisation-les-conditions-posees-par-la-famille-de-marc-bloch?at_account=mediapart)
14. [Source](https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1990/04/26/a-modern-hero/)
15. [Source](http://www.nocierreslosojos.com/escuela-annales-marc-bloch/)
16. Léonore database
17. International Standard Name Identifier
18. Virtual International Authority File
19. CiNii Research
20. [Source](https://www.siv.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/siv/POG/FRAN_POG_05/p-sy73v3s9--v4lfdktu8q0l)
21. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
22. Nouveau dictionnaire de biographie alsacienne
23. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
24. Roglo
25. Croatian Encyclopedia
26. La France savante
27. Catalogue of the Library of the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross
28. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
29. National Library of the Czech Republic
30. Czech National Authority Database
31. [Source](https://www.ipl.org/essay/Durkheims-Impact-On-History-PKUVQRHESJPR)
32. [Source](https://scrapsfromtheloft.com/history/marc-bloch-partisan-professor/)
33. Swiss National Library
34. [National Library of Catalonia](http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/fitxa/22338)
35. National and University Library in Zagreb
36. NSK
37. CONOR.SI
38. Autoritats UB
39. National Library of Greece
40. Quora
41. Source
42. LibraryThing
43. FactGrid
44. Bibliography of the History of the Czech Lands
45. Catalogo of the National Library of India