# Manchester

> city in Greater Manchester, England

**Wikidata**: [Q18125](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18125)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/manchester

## FAQs
**What is the origin and history of Manchester?**
Manchester was officially founded in 1301. It has transitioned through several sovereign states, originating in the Kingdom of England, then the Kingdom of Great Britain (1707), the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801), and finally the United Kingdom from 1922 onwards. Historically, it was part of Lancashire until 1889.

**What are the demographic and geographic details?**
The city covers an area of 115.6 square kilometres and sits at an elevation of 38 metres. Its population has grown from 511,852 in 2011 to a preferred count of 547,627 in 2018. Residents are known as Mancunians.

**What are Manchester's key global and cultural affiliations?**
Manchester is a UNESCO City of Literature, joining the Creative Cities Network in 2017. It maintains twin-city relationships with numerous global cities, including Saint Petersburg (since 1962), Chemnitz (since 1983), Los Angeles, Amsterdam, and Wuhan, among others.

**What digital and social media presence does the city have?**
The city maintains an official website (cms.manchester.gov.uk) and a verified Twitter account (@ManCityCouncil), which had 206,911 followers as of February 2023. It also has official profiles on platforms like Facebook, Quora, and GitHub.

**What identifiers are used for Manchester across databases?**
Manchester is indexed in numerous systems, such as the GeoNames ID 2643123, VIAF ID 146697625, and the Library of Congress Authority ID n81042321. It also has specific codes like the UN/LOCODE GBMNC and FIPS code UKI2.

**What symbols and heraldry represent the city?**
The city's motto is "Concilio Et Labore," meaning "By wisdom and effort." It uses an official coat of arms and has various visual representations, including a montage image and a skyline panorama.

**Where is Manchester located in terms of administrative geography?**
It is located in the administrative territorial entity Q21525592 (Greater Manchester) and the NUTS 2 region UKD33. It borders or contains the body of water Q47901.

**What are some of the common names or nicknames for Manchester?**
It is known by several aliases, including Cottonopolis, Warehouse City, Madchester, and the Capital of the North.

**How is the city documented in reference works?**
Manchester has been documented in numerous historical sources, including the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, and Collier's New Encyclopedia.

## Why It Matters
Manchester serves as a critical urban hub with a long history dating back to the 14th century. Its recognition as a UNESCO City of Literature highlights its global cultural significance. The city's sustained population growth and extensive international twin-city relationships underscore its ongoing relevance as a center of commerce, culture, and community in the United Kingdom and beyond.

## Notable For
- Being a UNESCO City of Literature.
- A long history spanning from 1301 to the present.
- A substantial population of over 540,000 people.
- Extensive global connections with twin cities like Los Angeles, Saint Petersburg, and Wuhan.
- Rich historical documentation in major encyclopedic works.
- Distinct local identity, complete with a motto, demonym (Mancunian), and heraldic symbols.

## Body

### Geography and Location
Manchester is situated in Greater Manchester, England, within the continent of Europe. It lies at coordinates 53.47°N, 2.23°W and covers a total area of 115.6 square kilometres. The city's elevation is 38 metres above sea level. It is located in the NUTS region UKD33 and borders the body of water Q47901.

### Demographics
The population has seen steady growth:
- **2011:** 511,852
- **2014:** 520,215
- **2017:** 545,500
- **2018:** 547,627

### History and Sovereignty
The city was officially established in 1301. Its political sovereignty has evolved over centuries:
- **Kingdom of England:** Until 1707.
- **Kingdom of Great Britain:** 1707–1800.
- **United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland:** 1801–1922.
- **United Kingdom:** 1922–present.

Administratively, it was historically part of Lancashire until 1889, after which it became part of the entity identified as Q21525592.

### Heraldry and Symbols
- **Motto:** "Concilio Et Labore" (By wisdom and effort).
- **Coat of Arms:** Available via Wikimedia Commons.
- **Demonym:** Mancunian (masculine plural: mancuniani).

### International Relations
Manchester is twinned with several major cities:
- **Saint Petersburg, Russia** (since 1962).
- **Chemnitz, Germany** (since 1983).
- **Los Angeles, USA.**
- **Amsterdam, Netherlands.**
- **Wuhan, China.**
- **Córdoba, Spain.**
- **Faisalabad, Pakistan.**
- **Palembang, Indonesia.**
- **Taldyqorghan, Kazakhstan.**

It is also a member of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network (City of Literature) since 2017.

### Digital Presence and Identifiers
- **Website:** https://cms.manchester.gov.uk/
- **Twitter:** @ManCityCouncil (206,911 followers as of Feb 2023).
- **UN/LOCODE:** GBMNC.
- **GeoNames ID:** 2643123.
- ** VIAF ID:** 146697625.
- **Library of Congress ID:** n81042321.
- **OpenStreetMap Node ID:** 294001443.

### Cultural References and Media
The city has been a subject in various historical publications, including:
- *The Nuttall Encyclopædia*.
- *Meyers Konversations-Lexikon* (4th edition, 1885–1890).
- *The New Student's Reference Work*.
- *Encyclopædia Britannica* (11th edition).
- *Collier's New Encyclopedia* (1921).

It has an associated topic category on Wikipedia and is listed as a vital article. Various images and videos of the city are available on Wikimedia Commons.

## References

1. archINFORM
2. [Source](https://kvs.gov.spb.ru/en/agreements/)
3. Faceted Application of Subject Terminology
4. Virtual International Authority File
5. [Source](https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/manchester)
6. [Source](https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities//node/1015)
7. [Source](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-41832776)
8. [Source](http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/UKD33/view)
9. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
10. MusicBrainz
11. [Source](https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland)
12. Flickr Shapefiles Public Dataset 2.0
13. [Source](https://service.unece.org/trade/locode/gb.htm)
14. [archINFORM](https://www.archinform.net/service/wd_aiort.php)
15. Golden
16. Bibliography of the History of the Czech Lands
17. museum-digital