# Ma Ying-jeou

> 12th and 13th President of Republic of China(Taiwan)

**Wikidata**: [Q19216](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19216)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Ying-jeou)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/ma-ying-jeou

## Summary
Ma Ying-jeou is a Taiwanese politician and jurist who served as the 12th and 13th President of the Republic of China (Taiwan). He is known for his role in cross-strait relations, legal reforms, and efforts to promote democracy and economic development in Taiwan.

## Biography
- Born: July 13, 1950
- Nationality: Taiwan (Republic of China)
- Education: National Taiwan University (LL.B), New York University School of Law (LL.M), Harvard Law School (S.J.D.)
- Known for: Serving as President of Taiwan and promoting cross-strait relations with China
- Employer(s): Government of Taiwan, National Taiwan University, New York University School of Law, Harvard Law School
- Field(s): Politics, Jurisprudence, Diplomacy

## Contributions
Ma Ying-jeou significantly contributed to Taiwan's political and legal landscape through his tenure as President and his work in international diplomacy. His key contributions include:
- **Legal Scholarship and Education**: Earned law degrees from National Taiwan University, NYU School of Law, and Harvard Law School, contributing to legal education and research.
- **Presidential Leadership (2008–2016)**: Served two terms as the 12th and 13th President of the Republic of China (Taiwan), focusing on economic policy, judicial reform, and cross-strait relations.
- **Cross-Strait Agreements**: Facilitated the signing of multiple agreements with mainland China, including direct flights, trade pacts, and cultural exchanges under the "Three Direct Links" framework.
- **International Recognition**: Received honors such as the Order of the Quetzal (Guatemala), Order of Francisco Morazán (Honduras), and National Order of Burkina Faso, among others.
- **Diplomatic Engagement**: Strengthened Taiwan’s global presence through diplomatic missions and international cooperation initiatives.

## FAQs
### What is Ma Ying-jeou known for?
Ma Ying-jeou is best known for serving as the 12th and 13th President of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and for his efforts to improve cross-strait relations with mainland China. He also played a significant role in legal academia and diplomacy.

### Where has Ma Ying-jeou worked?
He has held positions in academia at institutions like National Taiwan University, New York University School of Law, and Harvard Law School. Politically, he was employed by the Government of Taiwan during his presidential terms from 2008 to 2016.

### What are Ma Ying-jeou's educational qualifications?
Ma Ying-jeou earned a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) from National Taiwan University, a Master of Laws (LL.M.) from New York University School of Law, and a Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) from Harvard Law School.

### What awards has Ma Ying-jeou received?
He has been honored with several international decorations, including the Order of the Quetzal (Guatemala), Order of Francisco Morazán (Honduras), National Order of Burkina Faso, Star of the Solomon Islands, and the Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero (Panama).

### In which fields did Ma Ying-jeou work?
Ma Ying-jeou worked primarily in politics, jurisprudence, and diplomacy. His career spans legal education, government leadership, and international relations.

## Why They Matter
Ma Ying-jeou's impact on Taiwan's political and legal systems is profound. As President, he oversaw major reforms in cross-strait policy that reshaped Taiwan’s relationship with mainland China, leading to increased economic cooperation and peace. His academic background in law influenced judicial reforms and enhanced transparency in governance. Internationally, his diplomatic engagements elevated Taiwan’s visibility despite its complex geopolitical status. His legacy includes fostering democratic values, promoting human rights, and advocating for peaceful international relations.

## Notable For
- First person to serve as both the 12th and 13th President of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Advancing cross-strait dialogue and economic integration with mainland China
- Receiving multiple international honors, including the Order of the Quetzal and Order of Francisco Morazán
- Holding advanced legal degrees from top-tier institutions: National Taiwan University, NYU, and Harvard
- Contributing to legal education and scholarship in Taiwan and abroad
- Promoting Taiwan’s participation in global diplomacy despite political constraints

## Body
### Early Life and Education
Ma Ying-jeou was born on July 13, 1950. He pursued higher education in law, beginning with a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) from National Taiwan University. He later obtained a Master of Laws (LL.M.) from New York University School of Law and completed a Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) at Harvard Law School. These academic achievements laid the foundation for his career in law and public service.

### Career in Politics and Government
Ma Ying-jeou entered public service and rose to prominence in Taiwan’s political arena. He served as the 12th and 13th President of the Republic of China (Taiwan) from 2008 to 2016. During his presidency, he prioritized cross-strait relations with mainland China, implementing policies that led to direct flights, trade agreements, and cultural exchanges. His administration also focused on domestic reforms, including judicial transparency and economic liberalization.

### Legal and Academic Contributions
Before entering politics, Ma Ying-jeou was deeply involved in legal academia. He taught law at National Taiwan University and engaged in legal research and writing. His academic work emphasized constitutional law and international legal frameworks. His contributions helped shape modern legal education in Taiwan and influenced policy-making processes.

### Diplomatic and International Work
As a diplomat and statesman, Ma Ying-jeou represented Taiwan internationally, strengthening ties with various countries. He received numerous international awards, including:
- Order of the Quetzal (Guatemala)
- Order of Francisco Morazán (Honduras)
- National Order of Burkina Faso
- Star of the Solomon Islands
- Order of Belize
- Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero (Panama)

These recognitions highlight his contributions to international cooperation and diplomacy.

### Legacy and Influence
Ma Ying-jeou’s legacy includes significant strides in cross-strait relations, legal reform, and democratic governance in Taiwan. His leadership helped stabilize Taiwan’s political environment and fostered international recognition. His influence extends beyond Taiwan, impacting global discussions on sovereignty, diplomacy, and legal ethics. Without his efforts, Taiwan’s engagement with the world might have remained more isolated, and its internal reforms could have progressed at a slower pace.

## References

1. Integrated Authority File
2. Czech National Authority Database
3. [Source](https://www.wufi.org.tw/青年時期就步入歧途的馬英九/)
4. International Standard Name Identifier
5. Virtual International Authority File
6. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
7. Munzinger Personen
8. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
9. [马英九的帽衔遭罕有严重戏弄 希腊总统同情也没有用. RFI. 2023](https://www.rfi.fr/cn/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2/20230428-%E9%A9%AC%E8%8B%B1%E4%B9%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%BD%E8%A1%94%E9%81%AD%E7%BD%95%E6%9C%89%E4%B8%A5%E9%87%8D%E6%88%8F%E5%BC%84-%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%90%8C%E6%83%85%E4%B9%9F%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E7%94%A8)
10. [1998ー87年直轄市長選舉. Central Election Commission](https://db.cec.gov.tw/ElecTable/Election/ElecTickets?dataType=tickets&typeId=ELC&subjectId=C1&legisId=00&themeId=1cc537ea416941769d8e715a4c37ee6b&dataLevel=C&prvCode=00&cityCode=000&areaCode=00&deptCode=000&liCode=0000)
11. [2002ー91年直轄市長選舉. Central Election Commission](https://db.cec.gov.tw/ElecTable/Election/ElecTickets?dataType=tickets&typeId=ELC&subjectId=C1&legisId=00&themeId=a31daef43bd42a9613254e2d3d18fdbd&dataLevel=C&prvCode=00&cityCode=000&areaCode=00&deptCode=000&liCode=0000)
12. [2008ー第12任總統副總統選舉. Central Election Commission](https://db.cec.gov.tw/ElecTable/Election/ElecTickets?dataType=tickets&typeId=ELC&subjectId=P0&legisId=00&themeId=54deeba50d3cc135f45018059c0cb062&dataLevel=N&prvCode=00&cityCode=000&areaCode=00&deptCode=000&liCode=0000)
13. [2012ー第13任總統副總統選舉. Central Election Commission](https://db.cec.gov.tw/ElecTable/Election/ElecTickets?dataType=tickets&typeId=ELC&subjectId=P0&legisId=00&themeId=fddf766f2a250a2e3688d644fda346d2&dataLevel=N&prvCode=00&cityCode=000&areaCode=00&deptCode=000&liCode=0000)
14. [AIT letter proves Ma renounced green card: government. 2014](http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2014/05/16/2003590456)
15. [Source](http://talk.ltn.com.tw/article/paper/996710)
16. [Source](https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/services/roa/eligible.html)
17. [Source](https://paper.hket.com/article/1315380/急發簽證馬英九%20可減傷害)
18. YouTube API