# Lower-track students’ sense of academic futility: Selection or effect?

> Research article (Journal of sociology, 2015) · cited 37× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W2340032876](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W2340032876)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/lower-track-students-sense-of-academic-futility-selection-or-effect