# Liliʻuokalani

> monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom (1838–1917)

**Wikidata**: [Q107288](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107288)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liliʻuokalani)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/liliuokalani

## Summary

Liliʻuokalani was born on September 2, 1838, in Honolulu[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] and died there on November 11, 1917, from a cerebral hemorrhage[1][2][3][4][5][6]. She held citizenship in both the United States and the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi and was a member of the Church of Hawaii. She was buried at the Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii[4].She served as monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi and was also a writer, composer, and autobiographer[8]. Liliʻuokalani had one child, John ʻAimoku Dominis, and received the Order of the Precious Crown, 1st Class, as well as the Order of the Precious Crown.

## Summary
Liliʻuokalani was the monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom from 1891 until her overthrow in 1893. She is best known for her resistance to U.S. annexation of Hawaii and her advocacy for Hawaiian sovereignty, making her a pivotal figure in Hawaiian history.

## Biography
- Born: September 2, 1838, in Honolulu, Kingdom of Hawaii
- Nationality: Hawaiian
- Education: Attended the Royal School of Kamehameha III (now Punahou School)
- Known for: Leading the Hawaiian monarchy during its final years and opposing U.S. annexation
- Employer(s): Hawaiian Kingdom (as monarch)
- Field(s): Political leadership, constitutional governance

## Contributions
Liliʻuokalani played a central role in the Hawaiian monarchy's final years, navigating the political and economic pressures of the 19th century. She signed the 1887 Constitution, which established a constitutional monarchy, and later the 1894 Constitution, which granted greater rights to commoners. Her resistance to U.S. annexation in 1893, through the Anti-Annexation Protest, made her a symbol of Hawaiian sovereignty.

## FAQs
**What was Liliʻuokalani's role in Hawaiian politics?**
Liliʻuokalani served as the monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom from 1891 until her overthrow in 1893. She was a key figure in shaping constitutional governance and resisting U.S. annexation.

**How did Liliʻuokalani resist U.S. annexation?**
Liliʻuokalani led the Anti-Annexation Protest in 1893, signing a petition to reject U.S. annexation and advocating for Hawaiian sovereignty. Her actions made her a symbol of resistance against foreign domination.

**What constitutions did Liliʻuokalani sign?**
Liliʻuokalani signed the 1887 Constitution, which established a constitutional monarchy, and the 1894 Constitution, which granted greater rights to commoners. These documents shaped Hawaiian governance in the late 19th century.

## Why They Matter
Liliʻuokalani's resistance to U.S. annexation and her advocacy for Hawaiian sovereignty made her a defining figure in Hawaiian history. Her actions inspired later movements for indigenous rights and influenced global discussions on colonialism and self-determination. Her legacy continues to be studied in Hawaiian and American political history.

## Notable For
- Leading the Hawaiian monarchy during its final years
- Signing the 1887 and 1894 Constitutions, shaping Hawaiian governance
- Organizing the Anti-Annexation Protest (1893), resisting U.S. annexation
- Symbol of Hawaiian sovereignty and resistance to foreign domination

## Body
### Early Life and Education
Liliʻuokalani was born on September 2, 1838, in Honolulu, Kingdom of Hawaii. She attended the Royal School of Kamehameha III, now known as Punahou School, where she received a traditional Hawaiian education. Her upbringing prepared her for her future role as monarch.

### Rise to the Throne
Liliʻuokalani ascended to the throne in 1891 after the death of her half-brother, King Kalākaua. She inherited a kingdom facing economic and political challenges, including the growing influence of foreign powers, particularly the United States.

### Constitutional Reforms
During her reign, Liliʻuokalani signed the 1887 Constitution, which established a constitutional monarchy in Hawaii. This document limited the king's powers and granted greater rights to commoners. She later signed the 1894 Constitution, which further expanded democratic principles in Hawaiian governance.

### Resistance to Annexation
In 1893, Liliʻuokalani led the Anti-Annexation Protest, signing a petition to reject U.S. annexation. Her actions made her a symbol of Hawaiian sovereignty and resistance to foreign domination. The protest marked a pivotal moment in Hawaiian history, influencing later discussions on colonialism and self-determination.

### Legacy and Influence
Liliʻuokalani's legacy continues to be studied in Hawaiian and American political history. Her resistance to U.S. annexation and her advocacy for constitutional governance have made her a defining figure in Hawaiian sovereignty movements. Her actions inspired later movements for indigenous rights and influenced global discussions on colonialism and self-determination.

## References

1. Integrated Authority File
2. [Source](http://kids.britannica.com/women/article-9048258)
3. Find a Grave
4. International Standard Name Identifier
5. MusicBrainz
6. Virtual International Authority File
7. CiNii Research
8. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
9. SNAC
10. International Music Score Library Project
11. FemBio database
12. GeneaStar
13. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
14. ISWC Network
15. Czech National Authority Database