# Lifetime characterization via lognormal distribution of transformers in smart grids: Design optimization

> Research article (Applied Energy, 2016) · cited 22× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W2397981306](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W2397981306)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/lifetime-characterization-via-lognormal-distribution-of-transformers-in-smart-grids-design-optimization