# Learning earth system models from observations: machine learning or data assimilation?

> Research article (Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2021) · cited 234× · AI/ML

**Wikidata**: [openalex:W3131584643](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/openalex:W3131584643)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/learning-earth-system-models-from-observations-machine-learning-or-data-assimilation