# lawyer

> legal professional

**Wikidata**: [Q40348](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40348)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawyer)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/lawyer

## Summary
A lawyer is a legal professional and a subclass of jurist, classified as an academic degree and an occupation group according to ISCO-08. The profession is recognized globally across numerous databases and thesauruses, with the field of occupation encompassing law, the practice of law, and legal engineering.

## Key Facts
- **Classification:** Instance of legal profession, academic degree, and occupation group according to ISCO-08; subclass of jurist.
- **Occupational Codes:** ISCO-08 code 2611, ISCO-88 code 2421, SOC code (2010) 23-1011, O*NET code 23-1011.00, ROME code 11469, and ESCO occupation ID 974d4eab-fbee-4c52-b16e-73bdd8c25b53.
- **Patron Saints:** Catherine of Alexandria, Ivo of Kermartin, Genesius of Rome, Raymond of Penyafort, and Alphonsus Maria de Liguori.
- **Distinctions:** Explicitly defined as different from an "avocado" (based on French criteria), a legal advocate in France, and an attorney at law.
- **Symbolism:** Associated with the unicode character ⚖️ and traditionally wears a wig.
- **Key Identifiers:** GND ID 4048755-6 (Rechtsanwalt) and 4177191-6 (Rechtsanwältin); UMLS CUI C0682240 and C0086530; EuroVoc ID 5141; FAST ID 994346.
- **Categorization:** Dewey Decimal Classification 340.092; MeSH Tree Code M01.526.520; WordNet 3.1 Synset ID 10269647-n.
- **Wikipedia Presence:** Wikipedia title is "Lawyer" with a sitelink count of 148 across languages including als, an, ar, be, de, en, es, fr, ja, zh, and over 100 others.

## FAQs
**What are the common aliases for a lawyer?**
Common aliases include attorney, solicitor, barrister, advocate, and counsel. International variants include abogado (Spanish), Rechtsanwalt (German), avocat (French), and 律师 (Chinese).

**How is the occupation of a lawyer classified internationally?**
The occupation is classified under ISCO-08 as code 2611 and under the 2010 SOC code as 23-1011. It is also recognized as an academic degree and a subclass of the jurist profession.

**Who are the patron saints of lawyers?**
The profession recognizes several patron saints, including Catherine of Alexandria, Ivo of Kermartin, Genesius of Rome, Raymond of Penyafort, and Alphonsus Maria de Liguori.

**What distinguishes a lawyer from similar legal roles?**
A lawyer is distinct from a "legal advocate in France" and an "attorney at law." Notably, it is also explicitly defined as different from an "avocado" based on French linguistic criteria.

**What fields of occupation does a lawyer work in?**
The primary fields of occupation for a lawyer include law, the practice of law, and legal engineering.

## Why It Matters
The lawyer serves as a fundamental pillar of the legal system, functioning as a recognized academic degree and a professional occupation group globally. Its classification across diverse international standards (ISCO, SOC, ESCO) underscores its universal importance in the administration of justice and legal practice. The profession's extensive documentation in major encyclopedias and thesauruses highlights its critical role in society, while specific cultural attributes like patron saints and traditional attire (wigs) reflect its deep historical roots. Furthermore, the distinction from other legal titles, such as "attorney at law" or "legal advocate in France," emphasizes the nuanced nature of legal jurisdictions and terminology.

## Notable For
- **Linguistic Distinction:** Uniquely distinguished from an "avocado" in French classification criteria.
- **Global Standardization:** Possesses a vast array of cross-referenced IDs, including BabelNet, Freebase, KBpedia, and MeSH descriptors.
- **Visual Symbolism:** Represented by the scales of justice emoji (⚖️) and historically associated with the wearing of wigs.
- **Encyclopedic Reach:** Featured in specialized encyclopedias ranging from the *Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine* and the *TDV Encyclopedia of Islam* to the *Great Russian Encyclopedia* and the *Canadian Encyclopedia*.
- **Gendered Terminology:** Maintains distinct male and female forms of labels in numerous languages, such as *Rechtsanwalt/Rechtsanwältin* (German) and *abogado/abogada* (Spanish).

## Body

### Occupational Classification and Codes
The lawyer is categorized as an instance of a legal profession, an academic degree, and an occupation group according to ISCO-08. It is defined as a subclass of the jurist. Various international coding systems classify this occupation:
*   **ISCO-08:** 2611
*   **ISCO-88:** 2421
*   **SOC Code (2010):** 23-1011
*   **O*NET Online Code:** 23-1011.00
*   **ROME Occupation Code:** 11469
*   **SSyk 2012 (Swedish):** 2611
*   **ESCO Occupation ID:** 974d4eab-fbee-4c52-b16e-73bdd8c25b53 (code 2611.1)

### Terminology and Language Variants
The entity is known by a wide array of aliases and gender-specific labels across different languages.
*   **Common Aliases:** Attorney, solicitor, barrister, advocate, counsel.
*   **Multilingual Terms:** *Abogado/abogada* (Spanish), *Rechtsanwalt/Rechtsanwältin* (German), *Avocat/avocate* (French), *Advokat/advokátka* (various), *Advogado/advogada* (Portuguese), *律师* (Chinese), *弁護士* (Japanese).
*   **Short Name:** "Atty".
*   **Male Forms:** Includes *Affekot*, *advokatas*, *avvocato*, *עורך דין* (Hebrew), and *адвокат* (Russian).
*   **Female Forms:** Includes *Affekotin*, *advokatino*, *avvocata*, *עורכת דין* (Hebrew), *адвокатица* (Russian), and *adwokatka* (Polish).

### Cultural and Symbolic Associations
Cultural representations of the lawyer include specific attire and symbols.
*   **Attire:** Traditionally associated with wearing a wig.
*   **Symbols:** The unicode character ⚖️ is used to represent the profession.
*   **Patron Saints:** The profession is under the patronage of Catherine of Alexandria, Ivo of Kermartin, Genesius of Rome, Raymond of Penyafort, and Alphonsus Maria de Liguori.
*   **Sign Language:** A label in French Sign Language (LSF) is available via Wikimedia Commons.
*   **Pronunciation:** Audio pronunciation exists in Marathi.

### Database and Thesaurus Identifiers
The lawyer is indexed in numerous major information systems:
*   **Library & Authority Files:** GND (4048755-6, 4177191-6), Library of Congress (sh85075351), BNF (11935725z), BNE (XX524422), NDL (00560594).
*   **Medical & Scientific:** UMLS CUI (C0682240, C0086530), MeSH Descriptor (D033241), MeSH Tree (M01.526.520).
*   **General Knowledge:** FAST (994346), EuroVoc (5141), BabelNet (00007051n), Freebase (/m/04gc2), KBpedia.
*   **Classification Systems:** Dewey Decimal (340.092), WordNet 3.1 (10269647-n), Art & Architecture Thesaurus (300025627).

### Encyclopedic References
The profession is covered by a vast range of encyclopedic sources:
*   **General:** *Otto's encyclopedia*, *Encyclopædia Britannica Online*, *Wikipedia* (Vital articles/Level/4).
*   **Regional/Specialized:** *Klexikon* (Anwalt), *Georgian Encyclopedia*, *TDV Encyclopedia of Islam* (avukat), *Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana* (advocacia), *Canadian Encyclopedia* (attorney), *Great Encyclopedia of Navarre*, *Encyclopedia of Korean Culture*, *Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine*, *Great Russian Encyclopedia*, *Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition)*.
*   **Pop Culture:** *Memory Alpha* (Fandom), *RationalWiki*.

### Related and Distinct Entities
The knowledge graph distinguishes the lawyer from related but distinct entities:
*   **Different From:** *Avocado* (criterion used: French), *legal advocate in France*, *attorney at law*, *jurist*.
*   **Said to be the Same As:** *Anwalt*, *advocate*, *Mecenas*.
*   **Field of Occupation:** Law, practice of law, legal engineering.
*   **Topic Connections:** Quora topic (Attorneys), Reddit topic (Best Lawyer Posts), IMDb keyword (lawyer, attorney).

## References

1. Library of Congress Subject Headings
2. Integrated Authority File
3. BNE authority file
4. General Finnish Ontology
5. Iowa State University Library Vocabularies
6. Nuovo soggettario
7. International Standard Classification of Occupations
8. Lingua Libre
9. datos.bne.es
10. RKDthesaurus
11. [Czy używanie terminu adwokatka jest naruszeniem godności zawodu adwokata?](https://www.adwokatura.pl/z-zycia-nra/czy-uzywanie-terminu-adwokatka-jest-naruszeniem-godnosci-zawodu-adwokata/)
12. [Web Dictionary of Ukrainian Feminine Personal Nouns](https://r2u.org.ua/s?w=адвокатка&dicts=20)
13. BabelNet
14. UMLS 2023
15. Thesaurus for Graphic Materials
16. [Lawyer | Memory Alpha | Fandom](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Lawyer)
17. Medical Subject Headings
18. RationalWiki
19. National Library of Israel Names and Subjects Authority File
20. KBpedia
21. American Folklore Society Ethnographic Thesaurus
22. [lawyer - Tag - Creator - AniDB](https://anidb.net/tag/624/creatortb)
23. Best Lawyer Posts - Reddit. Reddit