# Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

> federal research institute in Livermore, California, United States

**Wikidata**: [Q519826](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q519826)  
**Wikipedia**: [English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory)  
**Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/lawrence-livermore-national-laboratory

## Summary
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is a federal research institute located in Livermore, California, United States. It is a leading research facility focused on national security, energy, and environmental science, operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security under the U.S. Department of Energy.

## Key Facts
- Founded on September 2, 1952, as part of the National Nuclear Security Administration.
- Operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security and affiliated with the United States Department of Energy.
- Located in Livermore, California, with coordinates 37.686° N, 121.7095° W.
- Employs approximately 9,563 people.
- Known for developing supercomputers like Sierra (2018) and operating systems such as the Livermore Time Sharing System.
- Affiliated with notable computer scientists, including Zane Clinton Motteler, George Michael, and Amanda Randles.
- Part of the OpenPOWER Foundation and operates under the Pacific Time Zone.
- Official website: [https://www.llnl.gov](https://www.llnl.gov).

## FAQs
### Q: What is the primary focus of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory?
A: LLNL primarily focuses on research in national security, energy, and environmental science, with a strong emphasis on supercomputing and advanced technology development.

### Q: Who operates Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory?
A: The laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security under the oversight of the United States Department of Energy.

### Q: What are some notable achievements of LLNL?
A: LLNL has developed significant supercomputing systems like Sierra and contributed to space missions such as the Clementine lunar orbiter. It has also created operating systems like the Livermore Time Sharing System.

### Q: Where is Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory located?
A: The laboratory is located in Livermore, California, within the Pacific Time Zone.

### Q: How many employees work at LLNL?
A: As of the available data, LLNL employs approximately 9,563 people.

## Why It Matters
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory plays a critical role in advancing scientific research and technology, particularly in areas related to national security and energy. Its contributions to supercomputing, such as the development of the Sierra supercomputer, have pushed the boundaries of computational science, enabling breakthroughs in simulations and data analysis. LLNL's work in environmental science and energy research also addresses global challenges, making it a key player in both national and international scientific communities. The laboratory's collaborations with leading scientists and institutions further amplify its impact, ensuring that its innovations benefit a wide range of fields, from computer science to space exploration.

## Notable For
- Developing the Sierra supercomputer, one of the world's most powerful supercomputers as of 2018.
- Creating operating systems like the Livermore Time Sharing System for supercomputers.
- Contributing to space missions, including the Clementine lunar orbiter.
- Affiliation with renowned computer scientists and researchers, such as George Michael and Amanda Randles.
- Being a part of the OpenPOWER Foundation, which promotes open innovation in computing technology.

## Body
### History and Founding
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was established on September 2, 1952, as a federal research institute. It was originally part of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory and later became an independent entity under the National Nuclear Security Administration. The laboratory is named after Ernest Lawrence, a Nobel Prize-winning physicist, and is located in Livermore, California.

### Research and Development
LLNL is renowned for its research in supercomputing, national security, and environmental science. The laboratory has developed several supercomputers, including Sierra, which was launched in 2018 and is recognized as one of the most powerful supercomputers in the world. LLNL has also created operating systems like the Livermore Time Sharing System, designed for supercomputers such as the CDC 6600/7600.

### Affiliations and Collaborations
The laboratory has been affiliated with numerous notable scientists and researchers. Some of the prominent figures include:
- **Zane Clinton Motteler**: A mathematician and computer scientist who earned his Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1964.
- **George Michael**: A computational physicist and computer scientist who made significant contributions to the field.
- **Amanda Randles**: A computer scientist and engineer known for her work in computational science.

LLNL has also collaborated on space missions, including the Clementine lunar orbiter, which was an American lunar mission launched in 1994.

### Location and Operations
LLNL is located in Livermore, California, and operates under the Pacific Time Zone. The laboratory is part of the Sandia National Laboratories California complex and is affiliated with the United States Department of Energy. It employs approximately 9,563 people and is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security.

### Social Media and Online Presence
LLNL maintains an active online presence with verified accounts on platforms like Twitter (@livermore_lab), Facebook (livermore.lab), and Instagram (livermore_lab). The laboratory also has a YouTube channel with a significant following, reflecting its engagement with the public and the scientific community.

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## References

1. Union List of Artist Names
2. BnF authorities
3. Virtual International Authority File
4. CiNii Research
5. [Source](https://openpowerfoundation.org/membership/current-members/)
6. Freebase Data Dumps. 2013
7. Czech National Authority Database
8. BIBSYS
9. GeoNames
10. Google Knowledge Graph
11. GRID Release 2015-12-14
12. GRID Release 2016-12-06
13. Quora
14. Aligned ISNI and Ringgold identifiers for institutions
15. [Source](https://ftp.arin.net/pub/resource_registry_service/asns.csv)
16. [Source](https://orcid.org/signin)
17. Microsoft Academic Knowledge Graph
18. HAL
19. YouTube API
20. [OpenAlex](https://docs.openalex.org/download-snapshot/snapshot-data-format)
21. [Internet Domains Wikibase](https://domains.wikibase.cloud/entity/Q123924)