# Law No. 9708 of November 18, 1998 > Brazilian law **Wikidata**: [Q105647775](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105647775) **Source**: https://4ort.xyz/entity/law-no-9708-of-november-18-1998 ## Summary Law No. 9708 of November 18, 1998 is a Brazilian statute approved by the Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil under President Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Published in Brasília on November 18, 1998, this formal legal document addresses the subjects of hypothesis, replacement, and correlation, and applies to the jurisdiction of Brazil. ## Key Facts - **Official Title:** Lei nº 9708, de 18 de novembro de 1998 - **Legal Citation:** Lei nº 9708/1998 - **Date of Approval/Promulgation:** November 18, 1998 - **Approving Authority:** Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Promulgation) - **Approving President:** Fernando Henrique Cardoso - **Place of Publication:** Brasília, Brazil - **Language:** Brazilian Portuguese - **Instance Of:** Statute (a formal written document that creates law) - **Jurisdiction:** Brazil - **Main Subjects:** Hypothesis (Hipotese), Replacement (Substituição), Correlation (Correlação) - **Lexml Brazil ID:** urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1998-11-18;9708 - **Official URL:** https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9708.htm - **WikiProject:** WikiProject Brazilian Laws ## FAQs **What type of legal document is Law No. 9708?** It is classified as a statute, which is a formal written document that functions as a manifestation of statutory law. Unlike abstract legal concepts, a statute is the concrete written record—such as an act or executive order—enacted by a government authority. **Who enacted this law and when?** The law was approved by the Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil through the method of promulgation. This occurred on November 18, 1998, during the presidency of Fernando Henrique Cardoso. **Where can the official text of Law No. 9708 be found?** The work is available at the official URL `https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9708.htm`. It is also archived in the Lexml system under the ID `urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1998-11-18;9708`. **What are the primary legal topics covered in this legislation?** The main subjects identified for this law include hypothesis, replacement, and correlation. These terms are stated in the legal metadata as "Hipotese," "Substituição," and "Correlação" respectively. **In which language and jurisdiction is this law valid?** The law is written in Brazilian Portuguese and applies to the jurisdiction of Brazil. It was published in Brasília, the federal capital of Brazil. ## Why It Matters Law No. 9708 serves as a specific instance of statutory law within the Brazilian legal framework, contributing to the formal documentation of legal rules in the country. As a statute, it represents the tangible, written manifestation of government authority, distinguishing itself from abstract legal theories by providing a concrete reference for courts, citizens, and administrators. Its promulgation during the presidency of Fernando Henrique Cardoso places it within a significant period of Brazil's democratic history, governed by the 1988 Constitution. The law's status as a public domain document ensures that its contents regarding hypothesis, replacement, and correlation remain accessible to the public without copyright restrictions, reinforcing principles of transparency and the rule of law. By being formally integrated into the Lexml system and tracked by WikiProject Brazilian Laws, it maintains a structured presence in the broader ecosystem of Brazilian legal information. ## Notable For - **Presidential Context:** Promulgated by Fernando Henrique Cardoso, who served as President of Brazil from 1995 to 2002. - **Specific Legal Subjects:** Distinctly addresses the legal concepts of hypothesis, replacement, and correlation. - **Capital Publication:** Published in Brasília, the planned capital city inaugurated in 1960 to serve as Brazil's federal seat. - **Digital Archiving:** possesses a specific Lexml Brazil ID (`urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1998-11-18;9708`) for structured legal indexing. - **Public Domain Status:** As a statute, it is an official legal document exempt from copyright under the edict of government doctrine. - **Citation Standard:** Utilizes the standard Brazilian legal citation format "Lei nº 9708/1998." ## Body ### Legal Classification and Nature Law No. 9708 is formally classified as a **statute**, a legal term defined as a formal written document that creates law. This categorization places the entity as a subclass of "written work," "document," and "rule," serving as the definitive manifestation of statutory law. Unlike abstract concepts of "legislation" or "legal acts," the statute is the physical or digital expression of the rule itself. In the context of global legal standards, this entity acts as the real-world equivalent to the `https://schema.org/Legislation` class used in structured web data. As a government edict, the text is in the public domain in jurisdictions such as the United States and France, ensuring it is not subject to copyright restrictions and remains freely accessible to the public. ### Provenance and Executive Approval The law originates from the **Federative Republic of Brazil**, a sovereign state in South America and a federal republic. It was approved by the **Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil**, with the specific determination method recorded as **promulgation**. This approval took place on **November 18, 1998**, placing the legislation within the second term of President **Fernando Henrique Cardoso**. Cardoso, who served as president from 1995 to 2002, was a central figure in Brazil's modern political history during the enactment of this law. The law operates under the framework of the **Constitution of Brazil**, which has been effective since October 5, 1988, establishing the country's current democratic and federal structure. ### Publication and Metadata The document was officially published on **November 18, 1998**, in **Brasília**. Brasília, the capital of Brazil since April 22, 1960, serves as the federal seat of government and the location where such federal laws are typically promulgated. The text is written in **Brazilian Portuguese**, the official language of Brazil. The law is identified by the legal citation **Lei nº 9708/1998** and carries the specific Lexml Brazil ID `urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1998-11-18;9708`. The official work is available online at `https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9708.htm`. The entity is also included on the focus list of **WikiProject Brazilian Laws**, indicating its significance within the scope of Wikimedia projects documenting Brazilian legislation. ### Subject Matter and Jurisdiction Law No. 9708 applies specifically to the **jurisdiction of Brazil**. The metadata associated with the law identifies three primary subjects that constitute the focus of the legislation: * **Hypothesis:** Listed in the legal text as "Hipotese." * **Replacement:** Listed in the legal text as "Substituição." * **Correlation:** Listed in the legal text as "Correlação." These subjects define the scope of the statutory norms created by the document. The law functions as a "legal norm" itself, resulting from the process of legislation and forming a part of the overarching legal system that governs the nation. ## References 1. [Source](https://www.lexml.gov.br/urn/urn:lex:br:federal:lei:1998-11-18;9708) 2. [Source](https://legislacao.presidencia.gov.br/atos?tipo=LEI&numero=9708&ano=1998&data=18/11/1998&ato=266ETRU1EeNpWTb8f)